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APA Format

(American Psychological Association) . APA Format. What is APA?. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION Used for social sciences (an umbrella term for geography, archeology, political science, economics, psychology, etc.) Basically, any work that explores human society

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APA Format

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  1. (American Psychological Association) APA Format

  2. What is APA? • AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION • Used for social sciences (an umbrella term for geography, archeology, political science, economics, psychology, etc.) • Basically, any work that explores human society • APA has three main types of essays: • Theoretical articles • Reports of Empirical Studies • Review Articles

  3. APA cont. • Theoretical article: draws on existing research to examine a topic. • Report of an empirical study: used when field research is conducted and findings must be reported, charted and graphed. • Review article: critical evaluation of information examining the current state of the topic to find out if more research (or action) is necessary.

  4. FORMATTING • 1 inch margins • Size 12 “Courier” font (Times New Roman is also considered acceptable) • Double space • “Running Head” (shortened version of the paper’s title) on top left of every page. • Pg. # on top right of each pg.

  5. TITLE PAGE: Page 1 • “Running head” at the very top on the left • Page number on the right • Double space- hit enter 5 times and type: Running Head… • Title • Name • Institution

  6. SAMPLE TITLE PAGE

  7. ABSTRACT: Page 2 • One paragraph synopsis (brief summary) of your essay covering the main points of the essay. • Not indented • Between 80-150 words • Acronyms or any difficult to understand words should be clearly defined here

  8. SAMPLE ABSTRACT

  9. ESSAY: Page 3-??? • Title goes at the top of the 3rd page “bolded!” • Essay can be broken down into subheadings: • Issues, Causes, Consequences, Solutions • Use active voice instead of passive voice: • Good: “Johnny hit the ball.” • Bad: “The ball was hit by Johnny.” • Good: Burdine (2009) researched that… • Bad: It was research by Burdine (2009) that…

  10. REFERENCES PAGE: Last page • “References” centered at the top of the page. • Sources listed in alphabetical order • Double spaced with a hanging indent • Capitalize only the first letter of article and book titles: • Orwell, G. (1946). Animal farm. New York, New York: Penguin Books.

  11. SAMPLE REFERENCES

  12. CITATIONS • BLOCK QUOTES (40 words or more) • Direct quotes (less than 40 words) • Cite- Author, Year, and pg. # for direct quotes (Johnson, 1998, p. 32) or (Johnson, 1998, pp. 32-33) for multiple pages • If no pg.# is available…skip it. (Johnson, 1998).

  13. CITATIONS cont. • Paraphrase: • Cite- Author’s last name and year (pp. 345-356)-at end of paraphrase. • When citing, use past tense and present prefect tense • Ex. : Johnson (1998) stated/has stated that all children have the developmental ability to… • When referring to your topic/issue, use present tense • Ex. : The danger of underage drinking exists for all who….

  14. CITATIONS cont. • Westover and Burdine (2009) reported that the long term effects of English classes prove 73% more beneficial for students planning on going to college . • Recent research (Westover & Burdine, 2009) has indicated that math classes taught by Marines are 89% more likely to scar students for life.

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