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Islamic Countries South West Asia and North Africa

Islamic Countries South West Asia and North Africa. Ch 19 20 and 21. Map . Countries. Countries . United Arab Emigrates- Abu Dhabi Qatar- Doha Bahrain- Manawa Turkey- Ankara Cyprus- Nicosia Syria- Damascus Lebanon- Beirut Jordan- Amman Israel- Jerusalem . Iraq- Baghdad

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Islamic Countries South West Asia and North Africa

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  1. Islamic Countries South West Asia and North Africa Ch19 20 and 21

  2. Map Countries Countries United Arab Emigrates- Abu Dhabi Qatar- Doha Bahrain- Manawa Turkey- Ankara Cyprus- Nicosia Syria- Damascus Lebanon- Beirut Jordan- Amman Israel- Jerusalem • Iraq- Baghdad • Iran- Tehran • Afghanistan- Kabul • Kuwait- Kuwait City • Saudi Arabia- Riyadh • Oman- Muscat • Yemen- Sanaa • Egypt- Cairo • Tunisia – Tunis • Libya- Tripoli • Algeria- Algiers • Morocco- Rabat

  3. Map Landforms Water Euphrates River Tigris River Nile- White and Blue Jordan River Persian Gulf Gulf of Aden Arabian Sea Red Sea Dead Sea Suez Canal Bosporus Strait Strait of Dardanelles Strait of Hormuz • Sahara Desert • Arabian Peninsula • Sinai Peninsula • Zagros Mtns • Hindu Kush • Anatolia • Atlas Mtns • An Nafud • Rub Al Khali

  4. Cities Others West Bank Gaza Strip Golan Heights • Alexandria • Bethlehem • Mecca • Medina • Giza • Istanbul • Tel Aviv • Casablanca • Constantine

  5. History • 1st civilization developed in the fertile crescent • Between Tigris and Euphrates River = Mesopotamia (Iraq) • 3500 BC – 600 BC Great Civilizations • Sumerians- developed writing • Hittites- developed iron weapons • Phoenicians- first major traders and explorers

  6. History • 600 BC- 1300 AD – many empires ruled • 1300 – 1914 Ottoman Empire ruled area – Osman Leader • 1973- Arab- Israeli war • 1992- Persian Gulf War- NATO (US) vs Iraq over Kuwait • 2001 – Afghanistan • 2003- US invades Iraq get rid of Saddam Why?

  7. Middle East • Desert covers most of the region • Mtns receive most of the rain • Agriculture is the major occupation in SW Asia - Barley, wheat, little life stock - Fruits, olives, figs, nuts and grapes on the Mediterranean Coast - Irrigation first developed in SW Asia (Deep Wells) Israel only country considered to be developed

  8. Oil • Richest mineral resource in the region • Mainly on the shores of the Persian Gulf and Iraq • Economies rise and fall with oil prices • OPEC- Origin of Petroleum Exporting Countries • Try to control oil prices around the world • Include Iraq, Algeria, Iran , Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, Gabon, Indonesia, Nigeria, Venezuela

  9. Religion Judaism First monotheist (one god) religion Formed in Palestine region Descendants of Abraham ‘s son Isaac Torah – Old Testament of the bible Jesus was just a false prophet not the savior • 3 major religions started in SW Asia • Judaism, Christianity, Islam

  10. Religions Christianity Islam Founded by Muhammad (570- 632) Followers of Islam called Muslims Quran is the Sacred Book Followers of Abraham’s God through Ishmael One god called Allah ( Same God ) Split into Shiites (10-15 %) and Sunnis (85-90 %) • Spread during Roman era ( Paul and Simon) • Founded on the teachings of Jesus • Spilt into Roman Catholic and Orthodox Christianity around 1000 BC • Protestants- broke away from Roman Catholics 1500’s • Christianity became the dominant religion of Western Hemisphere

  11. Culture and conflict • Arabs dominate the region- mostly Islamic • Israel founded 1948- Mostly Jewish • Arab- Israel in constant conflict- Palestine - both seek peace • Christians in Lebanon- Conflict • Others- Kurds in Northern Iraq

  12. Issues • Conflict is constant- Terrorist groups • Rising population • Conflicts over water rights • Oil reserves have become major world interest • Women have little rights in Middle East

  13. Iraq • Capital : Baghdad • G.D.P.- $2400 • Lit. Rate 40% • First civilization developed in fertile crescent in Iraq • 3 landforms-plains, dessert, mtn. • 1/3 of people in agriculture • Baghdad-ancient city of Islamic culture • North Iraq-Kurds-want independence • Irrigation major task- land too salty due to over use • Grow ¾ of worlds dates • Major oil fields, but little jobs-mechanized

  14. Iraq • Very aggressive and war like people • 1980 invaded Iran (10 years) • Invaded Kuwait in 1990-lost big time!!! • Persian Gulf War 1991- Saddam Hussein • Now- still fighting- vs. U.S. troops in- 2002- 2nd Persian Gulf War • U.S and Iraq govt. vs. Taliban and terrorist • US has pulled out all major operation and handed control back to Iraq Government

  15. Iran • Capital Tehran • GDP- $7000 • Lit. Rate- 79% • Formally known as Persia until1935- one of largest empire in world history • Persian rugs-prized for centuries • Zagros; Elburz and Kopetmtns • Steppe and desert climate • 1/3 of people farmers • Largest producer of Pistachios • 1951 nationalized oil industry-provide jobs

  16. Iran • Speak Farsi • Marketplace and mosque (church)-characteristics of Iranian city • Stormy politics- not many allies- recent trouble • Threatens to close strait of Hormuz • Trying to get nuclear weapons • Struggling with redirection of country

  17. Afghanistan • Capital Kabul • GDP- $700 • Lit. Rate- 36% • Landlocked, dry, mountainous – not good landscape • One of worlds least developed countries • Pashtun- largest ethnic group • Religions- Sunni Muslim 84%, Shi'a Muslim 15%, other 1% • Women lower life expectancy in Afghanistan- no rights in the 90’s • Mtns. possible minerals?? Can’t check because they lack money • Natural gas provides some money • Leading exporter of Opium in the world

  18. Afghanistan • 1980’s and early 90’s civil war USSR was involved • Taliban- Sunni Muslims- strict laws 1990’s • U.K. and U.N. forces in 2002 • US still fighting in Afghanistan

  19. Kuwait • cap. Kuwait City • GDP- $15000 • Lit. Rate-84% • Small oil rich country • Wealthy Kuwait families ruled the country for years • One of the highest per capita in the world • U.S. good relationship with Kuwait- helped kick out Iraq in early 1990’s

  20. Saudi Arabia • Capital- Riyadh • GDP- 10,500 • Lit. Rate- 79% • On Arabian Peninsula- desert, desert, desert!!! • People live near water and oil. • Mecca- Islam’s most important city, also Medina • Now put Taxes on pilgrims visiting Mecca- tourism? • Oil along Persian gulf – ¼ of remaining oil. • Most desalinized seawater plants in the world

  21. Saudi Arabia • Cold nights 30 degrees, 114 degrees days. • Deserts-An Nafud & Rub Al Khali, • Rub Al Khali- aka- Empty Quarter- 4” of rain/year- Active sand dunes • red soil • Can influence oil prices worldwide! How? • Theocracy Govt.- Islamic law – U.S. allies • Aid poor countries by them

  22. Oman • Capital – Muscat • GDP-$8,300 • Lit. Rate- 78% • Formerly Muscat and Oman • Ruled by sultanate – Muslim monarch – Sultan • Long been isolated from world • Oil improving living conditions

  23. Yemen • capital – Sanaa • GDP- $840 • Lit. Rate-38% • Until 1990 2 countries – North Yemen and South Yemen • One of the worlds largest per capita, BUT 60% of people are illiterate • oil helped make Yemen financially independent • Agriculture and sheep missing • Coffee first cultivated in Yemen • In recent years trouble with terrorists groups

  24. Gulf States • U.A.E./ Qatar/ Bahrain • All oil rich countries and small –desert • Oil, rapid economic growth • Popular to tourist from Saudi and Kuwait

  25. United Arab Emirates • cap. Abu Dhabi • GDP- $ 22,000 • Lit. Rate-85% • Slightly smaller than Maine (seven emirates or territories) • Religions Muslim 96% • Dubai- most modern Emirate- very modern- host golf and tennis tourney

  26. Qatar • cap. Doha • GDP- $21,500 • Lit. Rate-79% • Slightly smaller than Connecticut • Religions Muslim 95% • Al Jazeera- popular and controversial Arabic satellite television network.

  27. Bahrain • cap. Manawa • GDP- 14,000 • Lit. Rate- 89% • Religions Shi'a Muslim 70%, Sunni Muslim 30% • Home to U.S. military base- close ties to U.S. • Becoming a very modern country

  28. Turkey • cap. Ankara • GDP-17,000 • Lit. Rate- 87% • Small part of Country in Europe, But mostly in S.W. Asia • Bosporus and Dardanelles- Straits that dived Europe and S.W. Asia • Mostly rolling plains and hills – Mts: Taurus, Pontic -earthquakes • Med. Steppe climate • Less that ½ suitable for farming • Wheat, barely, tobacco, hazelnuts, cotton, livestock • Buildings dams = progress • Some oil & mineral ores

  29. Turkey • Foods- shish kebab, pilaf, borek • Roads + R.R. developing • Istanbul (Constantinople) largest city • Modernizing since 1920 Allies with USA • Women’s rights recognized - democratic ideas • Issues – Conflict over Cyprus with Greeks • Cooperation with new Central Asia- Slow

  30. Cyprus • cap- Nicosia • GDP $ Greek area: $16,000- Turkish area: $5,300 • Lit. Rate- 94% • Rock, mountainous island • ¾ are Greek & ¼ are Turks. • Set up two republics and two govt. • Greek rep. 3 times the per capita as Turk side • Religion- Greek Orthodox 78%, Muslim 18%

  31. Syria • capital Damascus • GDP $3500 • Lit. Rate-77% • Grow citrus fruits. Cotton. Wheat, barley, livestock • Major water problem – dams helping- Some oil • Leader in opposition vs. Israel (Arab country) – • May be housing terrorists • Syria wants aid from U.S. and Europe • Bashar Al-Assad – current leader not good

  32. Lebanon • Capital Beirut • GDP $ 5400 • Lit. Rate- 86% • 1/3 are Christians – Used to be called “Paris of the Middle East” • Very modern and westernized country – great trees for early explorers • Civil wars between Christians and Muslims- in the 1980’s • UN and NATO helped resolve conflict • 1990’s developed stable government – rebuilding • Religion- Muslim 70% & Christian 30%

  33. Jordan • Capital Amman • GDP $4300 • Lit. Rate-68% • Independence – 1946 – conflict with Israel • Most food must be imported • Arab – Israeli conflict throughout 1900’s - Peace treaty 1994 • Desert – not much oil • Only recently has there been peace in this area – mostly due to religion

  34. Israel • Capital – Jerusalem • GDP $19,000 • Lit. Rate- 95% • Once ancient land of Palestine • Dead Sea – lowest point on earth (continent) • Less than 5% of people in agriculture • Kibbutz – efficient collective farms • Sophisticated water management systems

  35. Israel • No coal or hydro electricity and few minerals • High tech industry – computers, weapons, engineers • Large diamond industry. • Tourism major industry- Jerusalem

  36. History – Jews started kingdom 3000 years ago • Jews forced to leave- called Zionist Movement (1800’s) • Want Palestine region back- Jews • After World War II – Palestine divided – Jews and Arabs • War followed 1948 – Israeli defeats Palestinian and Arab allies – 1956,1967 and 1973 – wars • Israel won all three conflicts • 1978 – (Camp David) President Carter (Sadat) Egypt and (Begin) Israel – sign peace treaty • Now – modern – urban nation – 85% Jewish • Tel Aviv – largest city • West bank and Gaza strip area still and issue – Muslim controlled

  37. PLO • Palestinian Liberation Organization – Muslim terrorist group • Attacked Israeli citizens, planes – but now want peace – • 1993 PLO and state of Israel – peace treaty • Has a seat in UN

  38. North Africa • Region dominated by Sahara Desert- Sahara means desert in Arabic • 2 causes 1) High Pressure 2) No Moist Air • Characteristics- few plants , few animals and people • The Nile River- delta and Valley had very rich soil • Longest River- 4,187 Miles Long • White and Blue Nile Combine • Ancient Civilization developed along the Nile

  39. Egypt • Capital – Cairo • Lit Rate 51 % • GDP $ 2,900 • Most usable land relies on the Nile River • Aswan Dam- irrigates 2 million acres and creates 10 billion KWH of electricity • Suez Canal- 1869 connected the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Oceans- 100 miles long • Great Pyramids at Giza

  40. Egypt • Imports more than 1/2 its food because the soil is less fertile- too salty • Cotton is main cash crop • Cairo- fastest growing city • Alexandria founded by Alexander the Great (332 BC) and has been a main trade center of Egypt • Oil is main export- no forest and little coal • Lack of Skilled Workers • “Hollywood” of Arab World • Recent Revolution – Overthrew Government Spring of 2011- Hosni Mubarak • Social Media played a huge role

  41. Libya • Capital Tripoli • Literacy Rate- 76 % • GDP $6570 • Gained Independence from Italy 1951 • Located on most desolated shore of Mediterranean • 1959 – found oil • 75% of population lives near the Mediterranean • Farming hard because of heat and wind • Oil improved development • Muammar al-Qaddafi- Overthrown in recent revolution- Spring of 2012 violent overthrow

  42. Tunisia • Capital – Tunis • Lit Rate- 67% • GDP $4800 • Independence from France in 1956 • Center of Mediterranean culture for thousands of years • Carthage was a major trade center- Taken over by Rome • Mediterranean Climate- has very nice beaches • Grows wheat and olives – only 20% of land farmable • Olive oil major export • Good transportation and industrial infrastructure • Ties to France still • Problems- Not enough jobs- Center of recent revolution in Spring of 2012

  43. Algeria • Capital – Algiers • Literacy Rate 62 % • GDP $4000 • Independent from France in 1962 • Oil and natural gas is a major export and most of income • 3 Major Industrial Cities 1) Algiers 2) Oran 3) Constantine • Problems- ½ of food is imported • Twice as many graduates as jobs available

  44. Morocco • Capital – Rabat • Literacy Rate- 44 % • GDP $ 3260 • Independent from France 1956 • Islamic Kingdom on Mediterranean and Atlantic • Strait of Gibraltar – Europe and Africa 8 miles apart • Atlas Mtns- wettest climate in Arab Nations • Have 3/4 of the worlds phosphate which is used in fertilizer • Casablanca – Largest city also a movie • Tangier – port on Strait of Gibraltar • Standard of Living is low for most of country • Allies with the US • King descendant of Muhammad

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