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Vertebral Column

Vertebral Column. Cervical. Backbone consists of 26 vertebrae. Five vertebral regions Cervical vertebrae (7) in the neck. Thoracic vertebrae (12) in the thorax. Lumbar vertebrae (5) in the lower back. Sacrum (5, fused). Coccyx (4, fused). . Thoracic. Lumbar. Sacrum. Coccyx. Scoliosis.

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Vertebral Column

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  1. Vertebral Column Cervical • Backbone consists of 26 vertebrae. • Five vertebral regions • Cervical vertebrae(7) in the neck. • Thoracic vertebrae (12) in the thorax. • Lumbar vertebrae (5) in the lower back. • Sacrum (5, fused). • Coccyx (4, fused). Thoracic Lumbar Sacrum Coccyx

  2. Scoliosis Lordosis Kyphosis

  3. Typical Cervical Vertebra (C3-C7) • Smaller bodies • Larger spinal canal • Transverse processes • Shorter • Transverse foramen for vertebral artery • Spinous processes of C2 to C6 often bifid • 1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae are unique • Atlas & axis

  4. Typical Cervical Vertebra Spinous process (bifid) Lamina Inferior articular process Vertebral foramen Superior articular process Transverse foramen Pedicle Body Transverse process

  5. Atlas (C1) Posterior tubercle Tubercle for transverse ligament Vertebral foramen Superior articular facet Transverse process Transverse foramen Facet for dens • Atlas- ring of bone, superior facets for occipital condyles. • Nodding movement signifies “yes”. Anterior tubercle

  6. Axis (C2) Spinous process Lamina Vertebral foramen Transverse process Transverse foramen Superior articular facet Odontoid process (dens) • Axis- dens or odontoid process is body of atlas. • Pivotal movement signifies “no”.

  7. Thoracic Vertebrae(T1-T12) • Larger and stronger bodies • Longer transverse & spinous processes • Demifacets on body for head of rib • Facets on transverse processes (T1-T10) for tubercle of rib

  8. Thoracic Vertebra- cranial view Spinous process Transverse process Facet for tubercle of rib Lamina Superior articular process Vertebral foramen Pedicle Superior demifacet for head of rib Body

  9. Thoracic Vertebra- lateral view Superior notch Superior demifacet for head of rib Superior articular process Facet for tubercle of rib Body Spinous process Inferior demifacet for head of rib Inferior articular process Inferior notch

  10. Lumbar Vertebrae • Strongest & largest • Short thick spinous & transverse processes

  11. Typical Lumbar Vertebra- cranial view Spinous process Superior articular process Lamina Transverse process Vertebral foramen Pedicle Body

  12. Typical Lumbar Vertebra- lateral view Superior articular process Superior notch Transverse process Body Spinous process Inferior notch Inferior articular process Pedicle

  13. Sacrum

  14. Sacrum- ventral view Superior articular process Lateral mass Body Promontory Anterior sacral foramen Apex of sacrum Coccyx

  15. Sacrum- dorsal view Superior articular facet Neural canal Lateral mass Articular surface Posterior sacral foramen Lateral sacral crest Intermediate sacral crest Median sacral crest Hiatus Coccyx

  16. Thorax • Bony cage flattened from front to back • Sternum (breastbone) • Ribs • 1-7 are true ribs (vertebrosternal) • 8-12 are false ribs (vertebrochondral) • 11-12 are floating • Costal cartilage

  17. Sternum Jugular notch Clavicular notch First Manubrium Second Costal facets Third Body Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Xiphoid process

  18. Ribs Fracture at site of greatest curvature. • Increase in length from ribs 1-7, thereafter decreasing • Head and tubercle articulate with facets • Body with costal groove containing nerve & blood vessels • Intercostal spaces contain intercostal muscles

  19. Rib Cranial border Articular facet for a transverse process Head Articular facets for bodies of vertebrae Tubercle Body Neck Angle Costal groove Ventral extremity Caudal border

  20. Rib Articulation • Tubercle articulates with transverse process • Head articulates with vertebral bodies

  21. Intervertebral Discs • Positioned between adjacent vertebrae • Absorb vertical shock • Permit movements of the vertebral column • Fibrocartilagenous ring with a pulpy center

  22. Herniated (Slipped) Disc • Protrusion of the nucleus pulposus • Most commonly in lumbar region • Pressure on spinal nerves causes pain • Surgical removal of disc after laminectomy

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