Animal Health & Maintenance

1. Animal Health & Maintenance Identify signs of good and bad animal health; Discuss the importance of animal ethics and welfare; Describe common animal diseases, their transmission, and treatment; Describe common animal parasites, how they are transmitted, and their prevention; List & describe basic procedures performed to maintain animal health; Describe basic housing requirements for typical domestic animals; Design an animal facility.

2. A. Identify signs of good and bad animal health. • Animals with Good Health… • Normal feces and urine • Regular body temperature, respiration, & pulse rate • Alertness

3. A. Identify signs of good and bad animal health. • Animals with Good Health… • Skin and Coat should be oily (shiny) and elastic-like • Eyes bright and membranes pinkish • Aggressive eating • **Ruminants should be seen chewing cud

4. A. Identify signs of good and bad animal health. • Animals with Good Health… • Contented animals look free from anxiety. Some animals have specific signs to look for and others take a trained eye to recognize. • For Example: • Pigs will curl their tails when they are content and sheep will stay quiet.

5. A. Identify signs of good and bad animal health. • Animals with Poor Health… • Isolation • Goes off feed • Droopy head & ears • Lower milk production

6. A. Identify signs of good and bad animal health. • Animals with Poor Health… • Rough-looking, dull hair coat • Discolored urine or feces • Glassy eyes • Limited movement

7. B. Discuss the importance of animal ethics and welfare. • Animal Ethics & Welfare • What are ethics?? • Ethics: something governed by moral principles.

8. B. Discuss the importance of animal ethics and welfare. Is this a real problem?? Is Factory Farming ethical??

9. B. Discuss the importance of animal ethics and welfare.

10. B. Discuss the importance of animal ethics and welfare.

11. B. Discuss the importance of animal ethics and welfare.

12. B. Discuss the importance of animal ethics and welfare.

13. B. Discuss the importance of animal ethics and welfare. Animal Ethics & Welfare The 5 Freedoms: Freedom from thirst, hunger and malnutrition - by ready access to fresh water and a diet to maintain full health and vigor. Freedom from discomfort - by providing a suitable environment including shelter and a comfortable resting area. Freedom from pain, injury and disease - by prevention or rapid diagnosis and treatment.

14. B. Discuss the importance of animal ethics and welfare. Animal Ethics & Welfare The 5 Freedoms: Freedom to express normal behavior-by providing sufficient space, proper facilities and company of the animals own kind. Freedom from fear and distress - by ensuring conditions that avoid mental suffering.

15. B. Discuss the importance of animal ethics and welfare.

16. Disease & Parasite Prevention • What types of medication are used? • Wormers • Vitamins & Minerals • Antibiotics • Vaccines • Serum

17. B. Discuss the importance of animal ethics and welfare. Types of Syringes • Syringes consist of a barrel and a plunger • Disposable— mostly plastic, usually thrown away after use • Reusable— made of glass, plastic and metal; must be sanitized between each use • Automatic— delivers larger doses repeatedly; ideal for vaccinating sows, steers and cows

18. Syringe & Needle Size • Syringes and needles are sized by gauge (diameter) and length • Common needle gauges: 16, 18 & 20 • The smaller the gauge number, the larger the needle. • Common needle lengths (inches): ¼, ½, ¾, 1, 1¼, 1½, & 2

19. Plunger Needle Cap Barrel

20. 3 Types of Injections • Intramuscular (IM):injections given directly into the muscle. 1” needle use is common for young animals and 1.5” needle for adults.

21. 3 Types of Injections • 2. Subcutaneous (Sub-Q): injections given into the tissue directly below the skin.½” to 1” needle is favorable. • “Tent” the skin when giving a Sub-Q injection.

22. 3 Types of Injections • 3. Intravenous (IV):injections given into the veins. ½” to 1” needle is favorable.

23. Injection Lesions

24. Injection Lesions

25. HELPFUL TIPS ALWAYS give injections in front of the shoulder. Give injections SUB-Q when possible. Keep injection sites at least 4 inches apart.

26. HELPFUL TIPS 4. Maximum dose for one site= 10 mL 5. Use proper size and length needles. 6. Read and follow directions for the specific product being used.

27. Bell Quiz 3/15/12 What are the parts of a syringe? What are 3 types of Injections? What is a gauge? What are 2 helpful tips when giving injections?

28. D. Describe common animal parasites, how they are transmitted, and their prevention; Parasites • Symbiosis: biological relationship in which two dissimilar organisms live together in a close association. • Parasitism: close, long-term symbiotic relationship in which one organism obtains its nutrition from another organism. • HOST vs. PARASITE

29. D. Describe common animal parasites, how they are transmitted, and their prevention; Parasites Parasites cause almost a billiondollars worth of damage to agricultural animals each year. Parasites will live out one or more phases of their life cycle at the expense of the host animal. These parasites can live outside or inside the host’s body.

30. D. Describe common animal parasites, how they are transmitted, and their prevention; Internal Parasites • Most internal parasites are found in the digestive system of an animal; particularly the intestines. • Internal Parasites include: • Tapeworms • Roundworms • Coccidia

31. D. Describe common animal parasites, how they are transmitted, and their prevention; External Parasites • External Parasites are visible to the human eye and can be taken care quicker than internal parasites. • External Parasites include: • Flies • Ticks • Fleas • Mosquitoes • Lice • Mites

32. E. List & describe basic procedures performed to maintain animal health; Animal Processing • Castration • What is castration? • Removal of the testicles. • Why do we castrate animals? • Castration is a means of birth control and behavior modification. Animals that have been castrated tend to be less aggressive and easier to handle.

33. E. List & describe basic procedures performed to maintain animal health; Animal Processing • What tools & methods are used for castration? • Emasculator • Burdizzo • Cheerios • Castrating Knife

34. E. List & describe basic procedures performed to maintain animal health; Animal Processing • Dehorning • What is dehorning? • Removal of horns. • Why do we dehorn animals? • Dehorning prevents animals from causing harm to others in the herd, themselves, or humans. It also saves space.

35. E. List & describe basic procedures performed to maintain animal health; Animal Processing • What tools & methods are used for dehorning? • Hot Irons • Saws • Dehorners • Chemicals • *To stop bleeding after dehorning, heat cauterizing or dusting powder is typically used.

36. E. List & describe basic procedures performed to maintain animal health; Animal Processing • Identification • Why is Identification important? • Identification helps in keeping accurate records in small or large herds. • What is the NAIS? • NationalAnimalIdentificationSystem • Government run program that identifies & tracks specific animals.

37. E. List & describe basic procedures performed to maintain animal health; Animal Processing • What are some common methods of Identification? • Branding • Ear Tagging • Tattooing • Ear Notching • Transmitters • *Use an ID method that is best for you!! • What are some common methods of Identification? • Branding • Ear Tagging • Tattooing • Ear Notching • Waddles

38. Test Review • What are signs of good animal health? • What are signs of poor animal health? • What are ethics? • What is a current issue in Animal Ethics? • Why are Animal Ethics important? • As agriculturists and animal producers, how can we help society understand animal ethics? • What are the 5 freedoms?

39. Test Review • Disposable vs. Automatic Syringes • What is a gauge? • What is the range for length of needles? • What are 3 types of injections? • What are 3 helpful tips for giving injections? • What is Zoonosis, Symbiosis, & Parasitism? • Where are Internal Parasites found and what are some examples of internal parasites? • What are some examples of External Parasites? • What is castration & dehorning? • Why do we castrate & dehorn animals? • What are tools/methods used? • What is the NAIS • What are methods of Identification