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Presented at 60 th Executive Committee Meeting 27-29 May 2009 San Francisco, USA

Semi-Annual Progress Report and Proposal for Extension – Task 22: Fundamental and applied hydrogen storage materials development. Bjørn C. Hauback Operating Agent Institute for Energy Technology, Kjeller, Norway bjorn.hauback@ife.no. Presented at 60 th Executive Committee Meeting

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Presented at 60 th Executive Committee Meeting 27-29 May 2009 San Francisco, USA

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  1. Semi-Annual Progress Reportand Proposal for Extension – Task 22: Fundamental and applied hydrogen storage materials development Bjørn C. Hauback Operating Agent Institute for Energy Technology, Kjeller, Norway bjorn.hauback@ife.no Presented at 60th Executive Committee Meeting 27-29 May 2009 San Francisco, USA

  2. Annex goals and targets • Develop a reversible or regenerative hydrogen storage medium fulfilling international targets for hydrogen storage. • Develop the fundamental and engineering understanding of hydrogen storage by various hydrogen storage media that have the capability of meeting Target A. • Develop hydrogen storage materials and systems for use in stationary applications.

  3. Annex Project Structure Projects type: • Experimental • Engineering • Theoretical • Modelling (scientific or engineering) • Safety aspects of hydrogen storage materials Classes of H-storage media: • Reversible metal hydrides • Regenerative hydrogen storage materials (chemical hydrides) • Nanoporous materials • Rechargeable organic liquids and solids

  4. Task 22 Participation • 18 countries. • 53 active Official Experts. • 49 active projects. • Until 2008: >450 publications and >450 presentations.

  5. Participation

  6. Task 22 meeting in Jeju Island, Korea • Fifth Task 22 meeting in Jeju Island, Korea, 19-23 April 2009 (local organizer Dr. Y. W. Cho, Korea Institute for Science and Technology). • 50 participants. • 43 out of 49 active projects presented.

  7. Overview of schedule

  8. Jeju Island, Korea

  9. Jeju Island, Korea

  10. Villa Mondragone, Italy, 7-10 October 2008

  11. Scientific content • Sessions addressing: • Activities in Korea, “observer” presentations. • Nanoporous and carbon-based materials. • Misc. complex hydrides, “nano-hydrides” and AlH3. • Multicomponent systems, chemical hydrides, Mg-based compounds, databases and standardization. • Borohydrides. • Safety issues.

  12. Update - Interaction with IPHE • No Experts from IPHE countries present at the T22 meeting in Korea (Russian Expert at the meeting in Canada in March 2008). • Expert from Brazil very interested to participated in T22, but participation not clarified related to MoU.

  13. IAEA • OA participated / chairman for Technical Meeting ”Application of Nuclear Methods to Materials Studies for Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Cycle Technologies” organized by IAEA and IEA in Paris 16-20 March 2009. • Coordinated Research Project (CRP) launched, selection of projects 28. May. • OA and other Experts in T22 submitted proposals. • First CRP meeting planned in Rome 3-6 November 2009. • IAEA member of IEA HIA?

  14. www.hydrogenstorage.org • Overview Task 22. • List of Experts • Task 17 final report • Links to H-storage sites • Reports Task 22 • List of publications Task 22 To be updated!

  15. Plans coming 6 months • Organize the next T22 meeting in Paris, France 12-15 October 2009. • IPHE and IAEA contacts. • Continue planning of the extension? • (If approved extension: T22 meeting in Death Valley, USA in April 2010.)

  16. Proposal for extension of Task 22

  17. Background • T22 ends 31. November 2009. • T22 is the largest international co-operative effort on hydrogen storage ever established (following T17). • Significant progress, but further R&D work needed  extension of T22. • 100% support and interest by Experts to continue work in T22 (beyond 2009). • I have funding from The Research Council of Norway to continue as OA (until end of 2012).

  18. Overall achievements • 53 active Experts from 18 countries • 49 active projects • >1000 publications and presentations

  19. Task 22 – meetings (so far) USA, 2007 Netherlands, 2007 Canada, 2008 Italy, 2008 Korea, 2009

  20. Scientific achievements - 1 Alanates: • Synthesis and detail studies of new mixed alanates, e.g. Li-Mg-Al-H, Mg-K-Al-H, Mg-Ca-Al-H systems. • Efforts to understand the effect of catalysts in particular in NaAlH4. Many different experimental and theoretical methods have been used. • Halide-substitution (e.g. fluorine) in alanates to change thermodynamics. • Development of process for sustainable cycling of Ti-doped LiAlH4. • Development of storage tanks based on Ti-catalysed NaAlH4.

  21. Scientific achievements - 2 Amides/imides systems: • Detailed structures of lithium and magnesium amides and imides. • Detailed studies of desorption and hydrogenation processes in Li-N-H and Li-Mg-N-H systems. • Synthesis and studies of mixed-metal amides, e.g. Li3Na(NH2)4 and LiNa2(NH2)3.

  22. Pd MgH2 TiH2 MgH2 TiH2 H2 Mg/MgH2 interface propagation Nb nucleus of MgH2 Mg MgH2 Scheme for a Nb nano-particle interfacing a micrometric Mg grain Scientific achievements - 3 Magnesium-based hydrides: • Detailed studies of H-motion in MgH2. • Detailed studies of hydrogenation properties and structures of Mg-based compounds, e.g. Mg-Zn, Mg-Co, Mg-Fe, Mg-Ni, Mg-Y, Mg-Co-Fe, Mg-Ti-Ni, La-Mg-Ni, NaMgH3 systems. • Studies of different synthesis routes, e.g. ball milling, cold rolling, ECAP. • Thin films of Mg-based hydrides, e.g. Mg-Ti-Ni, Mg-Sc hydrides, including use of hydrogenography. • Development of MgH2-based storage tank.

  23. Scientific achievements - 4 Borohydrides: • Synthesis and characterization of novel borohydrides including Mg(BH4)2, Ca(BH4)2, Al(BH4)3 and synthesis of LiBH4 directly from the elements. • Detailed studies of dehydrogenation processes including determination of intermediate phases. • Synthesis and characterization of mixed borohydrides, very recent examples are: LiSc(BH4)4, NaK(BH4)2, NaZn2(BH4)5, LiZn2(BH4)5. • Novel compounds, e.g. AlB4H11.

  24. Scientific achievements - 5 Multicomponent systems (destabilized systems), e.g.: • LiBH4 – MH2 (M=Mg, Ca). • LiBH4 – Al – LiH composite. • Mg(NH2)2 – LiH – LiBH4. • CaH2 – MgB2 composite. • LiBH4 – ScH2.

  25. a- Scientific achievements - 6 Regenerative hydrogen storage materials: • Alane, AlH3: detailed characterization of different modifications; methods for synthesis. • Ammonia borane (NH3BH3): detailed characterization of properties and regeneration processes. • Studies of new lithium and sodium amidoboranes.

  26. Scientific achievements - 7 Nanoporous materials: • Studies of hydrogen in Pd-containing activated carbon fibres. • Boron-based organometallic nanostructures and organometallic fullerene complexes. • Boron-substituted single wall carbon nanotubes. • Hydrogen storage in Li intercalated graphite. • Hydrogen storage in metal organic framework (MOF) compounds. • Hydrogen storage in metal doped carbon foam. • Efforts to understand the so-called spillover effect.

  27. Scientific achievements - 8 “Nano-hydrides”: • Nanosized Mg- and Al-hydrides prepared by mechanochemical synthesis. • Borohydrides, ammonia borane and alanates in scaffolds.

  28. Media Temperature Depends on Ta, Ti, dH/dt, keff, cpeff, … Ambient Atmosphere at Temperature Contains O2, N2, CO2 & H2Ol, H2Og H2 Heat Generated by Chemical Reaction Volume y Possible Water Film Liquid Water t Surface x Scientific achievements - 9 Safety aspects: • Session in every meeting. • Safety issues in selected classes of materials: reversible hydrides, regenerative hydrogen storage materials and nanoporous materials. • Sessions in every meeting where the Experts are sharing experience with respect to safety and handling of materials.

  29. Summary – Scientific achievements • Main overall international progress obtained by active Experts in T22. • Many new promising materials developed and characterized. • Improved understanding of hydrogenation/dehydrogenation properties and effect of catalysts. • However, the optimal material still missing. • However, the understanding of effect of catalysts limited. • Hydrogen storage systems far from goals, e.g. by U.S. DOE. • Further work needed  proposal for extension.

  30. Collaboration - 1 • Collaboration keyword in order to avoid duplication of work and maximum use of competence, resources and infrastructure. • Presentations of recent results and time allocated to “free” discussions important for strengthening collaboration. • International collaboration significantly strengthened. • Of particular importance are strengthened interaction/collaboration between research activities in America, Europe, Asia and Australia. • The efforts to include the IPHE countries Russia, India, China and Brazil will further strengthen the joint efforts.

  31. Collaboration - 2 Two important collaboration projects: • N-1 “Metal-carbon IEA collaboration”. Including the Experts interested in physisorption related systems, e.g. nanoporous materials, carbons, meta-assisted carbons, MOFs etc. • H-25 “Fundamental safety testing and analysis of hydrogen storage materials and systems” and H-26 “Safety properties of hydrogen storage materials in the context of systems”. Collaborative efforts related to safety.

  32. Examples collaboration - 3

  33. Summary – Collaboration • Nearly every project in T22 with active international collaboration. • Participation and interaction in meetings background for collaboration in regional (EU, Hy-Co, Nordic etc.), IPHE, COST, IAEA, other international and national projects. • Significantly contributed to collaboration between activities in Europe, America, Asia and Australia. • Largest international co-operative efforts in this field.

  34. Why extension of T22? • Well-established group and international network of Experts. • Strong support from Experts to extend T22. • Significant progress within T22. • Collaboration required to solve the challenging problem related to efficient hydrogen storage. • Need further development of materials for H-storage. • In addition, proposal for more applied storage (engineering), more focus on stationary storage and hydrides for other energy applications (e.g. new generation of metal-hydride batteries).

  35. Proposed Goals and targets in Extended T22 • Develop a reversible or regenerative hydrogen storage medium fulfilling international targets for hydrogen storage. • Develop the fundamental and engineering understanding of hydrogen storage by various hydrogen storage media that have the capability of meeting Target A. • Develop hydrogen storage materials and systems for use in mobile and stationary applications and also other potential energy related applications, for example in batteries.

  36. Annex Project Structure Projects type: • Experimental • Engineering • Modelling (both scientific or engineering) • Safety aspects of hydrogen storage materials Classes of H-storage media: • Reversible metal hydrides • Regenerative hydrogen storage materials (chemical hydrides) • Nanoporous materials

  37. Project types and classes of materials • Proposed projects aimed at achieving the targets A-C. • Continue to address development of new materials and fundamental understanding. Also open for other “high risk” ideas. • Increased focus on hydrogen storage for stationary applications. • Specific project(s) addressing engineering issues (plan separate meetings linked to T22 meetings). • Also include opening for use of hydrides for other energy applications, e.g. metal hydride batteries.

  38. Proposed participation in Extended T22 • Invite most of the Experts in T22 to continue, but some will be replaced/added. • 1-page updated project plans to be distributed to ExCo to be approved by participating Task countries (and will be distributed to the Experts after the approval). • During the first period of the extended Task new Experts are welcome when: • Respective ExCo member approved participation. • Their project approved by the Experts. • One Expert per institution, exceptions different fields, e.g. fundamental/applied. • New/updated national participation letters (NPL).

  39. T22 Mechanics • Meetings • Independent events, duration 3-4 days. • Proposed interval of 8-9 months (wish from the Experts). • Experts expected to participate. Exception: proxy from his/her institution. • Reports • Published on the web-page for T22 (operated by IFE). • Annual Reports • Require 1-2 page annual reports from each Expert. • Experts submit lists of publications, presentations and patents resulting from the work in T22. • Final Report • At the end of T22: a 5-6 page report from each project.

  40. Starting Date and Duration of extended T22 • Start: 1st December 2009. • Duration: 3 years.

  41. Requested of this ExCo • Approval of the semi-annual report. • Ask for approval of the T22 extension (3 years).

  42. Thanks to The Research Council of Norway for the financial support.

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