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The Renaissance: A Rebirth of Art, Science, and Thought in Early Modern Europe

The Renaissance, originating in Italy during the 1400s, marked a significant transformation in art, culture, and intellectual thought known as "rebirth." Wealthy patrons supported artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, paving the way for groundbreaking works that emphasized humanism, perspective, and realism. This era witnessed the decline of Gothic architecture, the emergence of secular themes in literature, and revolutionary scientific ideas that challenged established church doctrines. Innovations like the printing press facilitated the spread of knowledge, fostering an environment of inquiry and progress across Europe.

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The Renaissance: A Rebirth of Art, Science, and Thought in Early Modern Europe

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Early Modern World: Renaissance

  2. The Renaissance • 1400s • Means “rebirth” • People were interested in the works of the Greeks and Romans • Began in Italy • Location made it important for trade

  3. The Renaissance

  4. The Renaissance • Wealthy Italians acted as patrons supported artists, writers, and scholars • Secularism- people began to show greater interest in this world • People used observation and experience to explain the world • Not the church

  5. The Renaissance • Like Greeks, Renaissance thinkers believed in the power of human reason. • Humanists placed great emphasis on the dignity, worth, and uniqueness of each person.

  6. Artistic Impact of the Renaissance: Painting and Sculpture • Before the Renaissance, art in Italy was influenced by the Byzantines—highly decorative, but flat and un-lifelike. • Renaissance Art • figures in lifelike spaces • depth • shadowing • showed emotions • perspective

  7. The Announcement of the Angel to Saint Anne by Giotto

  8. Painting and Sculpture • Renaissance artists showed 3D space on a 2D surface • Artists developed the rules of perspective • Artists also introduced shadows and other realistic effects.

  9. Painting and Sculpture • Leonardo Da Vinci • Sculptor and inventor • Mona Lisa and Last Supper • RENAISSANCE MAN • Da Vinci also had a scientific mind • studied human anatomy • designed parachute and machine gun

  10. The Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci

  11. The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci

  12. Painting and Sculpture • Michelangelo • David, Moses, and the Pieta • each sculpture was carved from a single slab of marble • His giant fresco painting on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome is considered one of the greatest works of art of all time • fresco is a painting made on fresh plaster

  13. David by Michelangelo

  14. Moses by Michelangelo

  15. Pieta by Michelangelo

  16. Sistine Chapel Ceiling by Michelangelo

  17. Early Modern World: Economic and Intellectual Impact of the Renaissance

  18. The Economic Impact • Renaissance ideas and products quickly spread all over Europe • People tried to accumulate more wealth and property • Encouraged an increase in trade, • greater variety of products • growth of cities

  19. Intellectual Impact: Science & Technology • The Church taught that the Earth was the center of the universe • Nicholas Copernicus concluded that the Earth orbited the sun • His work was banned by the church

  20. Science and Technology • Galileo Galilei- scientist who laid the foundation for modern physics • Used a telescope to prove the sun was center of the universe • Charges were brought against him by the Catholic Church and he was told he could never publicly state that the Earth moved around the sun. • He was tried, found guilty, and sentenced to never leave his home.

  21. Galileo and his telescope

  22. The Printing Press • Books were copied by hand and were only found in churches and monasteries • Block printing in China enabled printers to make copies of books, but only one page at a time

  23. The Printing Press • Johann Gutenberg developed the printing press with moveable type in 1450 • Type could be reset • instead of carving a new letter block from wood with each printing • Allowed for the mass production of printed books for the first time • Encouraged the spread of new ideas • More people began to learn to read

  24. Early Modern World: Impact of the Renaissance

  25. Artistic Impact: Architecture • Abandoned the Gothic architecture of the Middle Ages • Domes • Columns • Arches

  26. Florence Cathedral--Brunelleschi

  27. Intellectual Impact : Scholarship and Literature • Petrarch, the “Father of Humanism” collected and studied ancient texts • People began to question the church • Other Renaissance authors wrote on secular (non-religious) subjects

  28. Scholarship and Literature • Many writers, like Boccaccio, wrote in the vernacular (local) language instead of Latin • Rabelais in France, William Shakespeare in England, and Cervantes in Spain wrote in their native languages

  29. The Political Impact • Niccolo Machiavelli • The Prince, was a guidebook on how to gain and keep political power • “the ends justifies the means.”

  30. Assignment • Read the handout. Then answer the following question: • Do you agree with Machiavelli’s advice in this passage? Why or why not?

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