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From Dependency to Productivity

This comprehensive history traces the evolution of services for individuals with disabilities in Iowa, from the Poor Laws and early special schools before statehood (1600-1846) to significant legislation and programs impacting disability services through the 21st century. It covers crucial milestones, including the establishment of vocational rehabilitation, the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), and the expansion of community services. This account reflects changing perspectives on disability and the ongoing journey toward inclusivity and accessibility for Iowans with disabilities.

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From Dependency to Productivity

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  1. From Dependency to Productivity A History of Services for Iowans with Disabilities

  2. Before Statehood: 1600 to 1846 • View of Disability • Poor Laws • Ben Franklin and the Quakers • Early Special Schools • Institutional Care

  3. 1846-1920 • Statehood for Iowa • Iowa’s Special Schools • Hospitals for the Insane • Asylum for Feebleminded Children • County Homes

  4. 1920 to 1941 • Soldier’s Rehabilitation Act • Civilian Rehabilitation Act • Iowa Vocational Rehabilitation • Social Security Act

  5. World War II • Institutions and the draft • Labor Shortage • 1941: 190 closures 1943: 517 • 1941: 20,000 1943: 40,000 • Expansion of the Rehabilitation Act • New View of Disability

  6. 1945 to 1960 • Changes at the Special Schools • Area VR Offices • State Institutions • Social Security Acts

  7. 1960 to 1980 • Civil Rights Bill • Social Security Acts • Rehabilitation Act of 1973 • Education for Handicapped Children Act • Architectural Barriers Act of 1968 • Sheltered Workshops • Group Homes

  8. 1980 to 2000 • Employment Opportunities for Disabled Americans Act • IDEA • ADA • Rehabilitation Act of 1992 • Community Services • Workforce Investment Act of 1998 • Ticket to Work/Work Incentives of 1999

  9. 2000-2010 • Help America Vote Act • Higher Education Opportunity Act • ADA Amendments Act

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