This sentence is false. No one goes to that restaurant because it’s too crowded.

1. 614-623- Analyze documents about the new world views of the 17th and 18th Centuries. - Explain how the Enlightenment influenced politics.

2. This sentence is false. • No one goes to that restaurant because it’s too crowded. • Don’t go near the water until you have learned to swim. • If you get this message call me, if you don’t , then forget about it. • Believe me, I’m a liar. • I am nobody. • Enlightened Monarchs

3. Document Analysis • Question: “How did the new world-views of the • 1600s-1700s affect Europeans thought about • society and human relations?” • List the main idea of each document

4. “How did the new world-views of the 1600s-1700s affect • Europeans thought about society and human relations?” • Toleration of ideas. • Necessity of education. • Dangerous new ideas could lead to revolution. • Idea that women should be educated. • Unfairness of inequality • Harsh and oppressive rule could lead to rebellion. • Do you think any of these ideas could have been viewed as a • problem for “Enlightened Monarchs” at the time?

5. Enlightened Absolutism? • Rule by monarchs who adopt Enlightenment ideas and concepts. • Most Enlightenment thinkers (outside England and the Netherlands) believed political change could best come from above. (except Montesquieu who wanted curbs on king’s power.) • Absolute rulers had mixed results in ruling in an Enlightened manner.

6. 1. Frederick the Great 2. Catherine the Great Who was the MOST Enlightened Monarch? 3. Maria Theresa/Joseph II 4. Louis XV

7. How were these monarchs “Enlightened”? (Background, actions, policies?) 1. Frederick the Great 2. Catherine the Great 1. Frederick the Great 2. Catherine the Great 3. Maria Theresa/Joseph II 4. Louis XV 3. Maria Theresa/Joseph II 4. Louis XV

8. Frederick the Great of Prussia (II) r. 1740-1786 • War of Austrian Succession • -1740-48 he takes Silesia from • Austria’s Maria Theresa • Seven Years War • - 1756-63 he defended Prussia • from Austria, France and • Russia. • Allowed religious freedom, • promoted education and • legal reforms. • Unwilling though to change • Prussia’s social structure, • rejected calls for civil rights • for Jews.

9. Catherine the Great of Russia r. 1762-1796 • Tsar Peter III deposed by wife • Catherine and Gregory Orlov. • Imported western culture, • supported philosophes • (Voltiare and Diderot) and • limited legal reforms. • Pugachev’sRebellion (1773) • - Cossack soldier led the • revolt, but was captured • and executed which ended • Catherine’s efforts to re- • form serfdom. • Territorial Expansion • Crimea • CaucaususMountains • Partition of Poland

10. Joseph II (son) r. 1780-1790 Maria Theresa r. 1740-1780 The Austrian Habsburgs • Limited power of papacy • Strengthened bureaucracy • Improved lives of peasants • Granted religious toleration • Abolished serfdom in 1781 • Decreed peasant obligation • be paid in cash, not in labor

11. France Louis XIV “Sun King” • Impact of the Enlightenment in France was mixed: • Monarchy maintained absolute claims (Voltaire) but nobles embraced ideas to limit the monarchy (Montesquieu). • The death of Louis XIV allows Duke of Orleans to return to act as regent for Louis XV and begins to curb the power of the monarchy by restoring power of the parlements (courts). • Example: Louis XV decreed income tax, the 1st and 2nd Estates protested via the parlements, so Louis dropped it. Louis XV Regent Philippe Duke of Orleans

12. France Louis XV • Financial difficulties plagued Louis, and tries to forcefully take control by appointing the tough Rene’ Maupeou as chancellor in 1768 to crush parlements opposition. • Louis XV was more interested in his mistresses than the state and when he dies in 1774, son Louis XVI is too young/shy to take over. • Some philosophes approved of the Louis V’s appointment of Chancellor Rene’ Maupeou since they believed monarchs MUST ACT in times of unrest to preserve the state! Philippe Duke of Orleans