Midterm Review U.S. History & Gov’t

1. Midterm Review U.S. History & Gov’t

2. Midterm Review • John Locke- English philosopher who believed in Natural Born Rights (Life, Liberty, Property) • Thomas Jefferson wrote the declaration of independence. He was influenced by John Locke’s theory of Natural Born Rights. Both felt government should be by the People.

3. Midterm Review • The three natural born rights in the Declaration of Independence are 1. Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness (Jefferson changed property to pursuit of happiness) • Thomas Paine wrote the pamphlet Common Sense, which advocated for colonial Independence.

4. Midterm Review • The Articles of Confederation had several problems, such as • -Congress could not levy taxes • -Congress could not regulate trade • -No Executive Branch • -No Judicial Branch • -States coined their own money • These all resulted from a: • WEAK CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

5. Midterm Review • The Great Compromise – settled a dispute over representation. What were the two results and who benefitted? • 1. House of Representatives is based on population. (This favors BIG states) • 2. Senate is equally represented in each state (This favors SMALL states)

6. Midterm Review • Unwritten Constitution: • Unwritten traditions of government set through precedents (examples) • There are 5 main examples of the unwritten constitution (Write down the first three): • The Cabinet • Political Parties • Judicial Review • Political Action Committees • Lobbyists

7. Midterm Review • Judicial Review- Supreme court determines if a law is constitutional or not. • Judicial Review was was established by John Marshall in the case of Marburyv. Madison

8. Midterm Review • The Constitution is Elastic. This means it can be Changed. • This is called the Elastic or Necessary and Proper clause.

9. Midterm Review George Washington warned us against two things: • Political Parties • Foreign Alliances

10. Midterm Review The Monroe doctrine stated that • No European Colonization of the Western Hemisphere and U.S. not involved in European affairs • This furthered Washington’s belief in Isolationism

11. Midterm Review • Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory for 15 Million. • He used his presidential power of Treaty Making. • This was controversial because Jefferson was a Strict Constructionist

12. Midterm Review • Andrew Jackson was called King Andrew by his critics for his use of the Spoils System

13. Midterm Review • Jackson supported the Indian Removal Act, resulting in the Cherokee Trail of Tears. • Jackson sought to undermine the National Bank by creating small Pet Banks

14. Midterm Review

15. Midterm Review • The Mexican Cession was a large tract of land that makes up most of present day California, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona. The U.S. acquired the land after the Mexican-American War • The Gadsden purchase was a small piece of land that makes up the bottom of Arizona and New Mexico which was bought to complete a Railroad.

16. Midterm Review • The biggest issue that arose from westward expansion was Slavery The three main outcomes of the Missouri Compromise (1820) were: • Missouri enters as a slave state • Maine enters as a free state • No slavery allowed north of 36°30’ parallel

17. Midterm Review • Popular Sovereignty – People VOTE on an issue to decide the outcome • Abolitionist – people part of the movement to end slavery

18. Midterm Review • Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) – Scott sued for his freedom, court ruled Scott was property. Meant slavery could exist anywhere • Supreme Court also rules that Missouri Compromise was Unconstitutional

19. Midterm Review • The Emancipation Proclamation Freed the Slaves ONLY IN Rebelling States

20. Midterm Review • Abraham Lincoln’s primary goal of the Civil War was to: PRESERVE THE UNION The term Solid South following the Civil War referred to the South’s support of the DEMOCRATIC PARTY