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How Technology, Nationalism, and Alliances Sparked World War I

World War I, from 1914 to 1918, marked a pivotal moment in history shaped by advancing technology and intense nationalism. The long-term causes included militarism, imperialism, and the intricate network of alliances that transformed a regional conflict into a global war. Europe, enjoying thirty years of peace, was unprepared for the escalation following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, which ignited existing rivalries and highlighted the fragile balance of power. This overview explores how these factors collectively led to one of the largest conflicts in history.

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How Technology, Nationalism, and Alliances Sparked World War I

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Presentation Transcript

  1. World War I 1914 – 1918 (1919)

  2. Essential Questions • How did new technology in WWI influence warfare? • How did a need for power and control help influence and start WWI? • How did interdependency (alliances) help lead to world conflict?

  3. Background • Europe has been at peace for 30 years into 1900s • Whole generation that does not know the “reality” of War

  4. Long Term Causes • 1. Nationalism • Deep feelings for own country • Countries as rivals

  5. Reasons for Rivalries (Nationalism) • Competition for resources • Germany challenging England’s Industrial power • France wants Alsace-Lorraine back from Germany • Austria-Hungary and Russia fight over Balkan region (who want independence)

  6. Long term causes • 2. Imperialism • Competing for colonies • Dominating a weaker territory either politically, economically, and/or socially

  7. Long term Causes • 3. Militarism • Glorifying military power and keeping standing army (always ready for war) • England is only county in Europe without one at beginning of war • Kaiser Wilhelm II (Germany)

  8. Long Term Causes • 4. Alliances • Meant to keep peace, but leads to World War

  9. Alliances • Triple Alliance • Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy • Formed to keep France from getting too powerful • Germany breaks treaty with Russia • Russia aligns with France • Wilhelm tries to build navy • England scared and joins alliance

  10. Alliances • Triple Entente • France, England, Russia

  11. Immediate Cause • “Powder Keg” of Europe • The Balkans • Russia and Austria fight over territory • Austria takes Bosnia-Herzegovina and Serbia

  12. Immediate Cause (1914) • Archduke Franz Ferdinand (of Austria) tours Sarajevo • Shot and killed by Serbian Gavrilo Princip (Black Hand) • Austria takes it as a sign of Serbian aggression • Germany encourages Austria to declare war on Serbia (promises to help)

  13. Austria’s Ultimatum • To Serbia • No more anti-Austrian activity and other types of harsh demands • Serbia agrees with some • Austria declares war anyway • Russia backs up Serbia

  14. War begins • Powder Keg is lit with the assassination • Alliance system falls apart (new ones form) • World War I becomes largest war ever

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