Biology

1. Biology Ch. 20

2. A protist is any organism that is not a plant, an animal, a fungus, or a(an) • eukaryote. • prokaryote. • eubacterium. • archaebacterium.

3. Multicellular protists are grouped with unicellular protists because multicellular protists • do not resemble plants. • do not resemble animals. • do not resemble fungi. • are very similar to unicellular protists.

4. According to Lynn Margulis, eukaryotic cells may have evolved from • a symbiosis of several cells. • mitochondria that grew very large. • chloroplasts that grew very large. • plants, animals, and fungi.

5. In an amoeba, a small cavity within the cytoplasm that stores food is called a • gullet. • pseudopod. • food vacuole. • contractile vacuole.

6. To which phylum do amoebas, foraminiferans, and heliozoans belong? • sarcodines • ciliates • sporozoans • pseudopods

7. Zooflagellates may live in lakes and streams, where they • penetrate and live within cells of a host. • absorb food through their cell membrane. • feed by sweeping food particles into their gullet. • feed by surrounding their meal and taking it inside themselves.

8. Which structure of a paramecium is analogous to a “reserve copy” of all the cell’s genes? • the micronucleus • the gullet • the trichocysts • the macronucleus

9. The sporozoan Plasmodium causes the disease known as • African sleeping sickness. • amebic dysentery. • malaria. • algal bloom.

10. Which statement about malaria is true? • Not all strains can be treated, and there is no completely effective vaccine. • Many strains can be treated with modern drugs; however, there is no completely effective vaccine. • All strains can be treated with modern drugs, and there is an effective vaccine. • Malaria has been eradicated by control of the Anopheles mosquito.

11. Which of the following diseases does the animallike protist known as Entamoeba cause? • malaria • African sleeping sickness • amebic dysentery • potato blight

12. A person who comes down with malaria can infer that he or she contracted it from • contaminated water supplies. • infection by the animallike protist Giardia. • the bite of the Anopheles mosquito. • the bite of the tsetse fly.

13. Which substances allow algae to harvest and use the energy from sunlight? • cilium and fucoxanthin • chlorophyll and accessory pigments • phycobilin and flagellum • oogonium and antheridium

14. As sunlight passes through sea water, the sea water • absorbs large amounts of red and violet wavelengths. • reflects large amounts of red and violet wavelengths. • absorbs large amounts of blue wavelengths. • none of the above

15. What effect did the evolution of different forms of chlorophyll in algae have? • a decrease in the range of depths at which algae can live • an increase in the range of depths at which algae can live • no effect on the range of depths at which algae can live • a reduction in the photosynthetic capacity of algae

16. To which phylum of unicellular plantlike algae do the diatoms belong? • Euglenophyta • Bacillariophyta • Chrysophyta • Pyrrophyta

17. Euglenas have an intricate, folded cell membrane called a(an) • cell wall. • trichocyst. • eyespot. • pellicle.

18. Which of the statements is true about dinoflagellates? • They contain bright yellow pigments. • They can be both photosynthetic and heterotrophic. • Many species are luminescent. • They possess pillbox-shaped cell walls of silica.

19. What do the members of the phylum Pyrrophyta have in common with many of the members of the phylum Chrysophyta? • They have cell walls of cellulose. • They have cell walls of silica. • They have pellicles. • They can be both photosynthetic and heterotrophic.

20. A bloom is • the clouding of water by sewage. • an enormous mass of algae. • a symbiotic relationship between algae and coral. • none of the above

21. The population of small, photosynthetic organisms found near the surface of the ocean is called • chrysophytes. • pyrophytes. • phytoplankton. • diatoms.

22. Which organism would most likely be present in a water sample collected during a red tide? • Tridacna • Euglenophyta • Gonyaulax • diatoms

23. Which phylum causes the red tide that infects shellfish with a toxin? • Chrysophyta • Euglenophyta • Bacillariophyta • Pyrrophyta

24. An example of a multicellular green alga is • Ulva. • Chlamydomonas. • Volvox. • Fucus.

25. What characteristic of plants is shared by green algae? • cell wall composition • photosynthetic pigments • multicellularity • all of the above

26. Red algae lack flagella and • nuclei. • centrioles. • accessory pigments. • chlorophyll.

27. The phylum of multicellular algae most likely to be observed at great depths is • Chlorophyta. • Rhodophyta. • Phaeophyta. • none of the above

28. Many algae switch back and forth between diploid and haploid stages during their life cycle in a process known as • alternation of generations. • fusion of opposite mating types. • sexual reproduction. • asexual reproduction.

29. The green alga Chlamydomonas reproduces asexually by producing • gametophytes. • sporophytes. • zygotes. • zoospores.

30. In the life cycle of the green alga Ulva, one of the phases produces male and female gametes known as • sporophytes. • gametophytes. • spores. • zoospores.

31. An argument that does NOT support the classification of multicellular green algae as plants is that multicellular green algae • have highly specialized tissues. • live primarily in water. • display alternation of generations. • contain chlorophyll a, which makes them green.

32. Why are algae considered one of the most important groups of organisms on our planet? • They are rich in vitamin C. • They produce chemicals that are used to treat health problems. • They produce much of Earth’s oxygen through photosynthesis. • They produce chemicals that are used to make plastics, waxes, and paints.

33. Some products derived from algae include • drugs for stomach ulcers and high blood pressure. • thickeners for food. • chemicals in plastics, waxes, paints, and lubricants. • all of the above

34. Which of the following is algae’s most important contribution to humans? • as a source for industrial chemicals • as a source for medicinal drugs • as a photosynthesizer • as a direct food source for humans

35. Which of the following groups includes only funguslike protists? • cellular slime molds, brown algae, water molds • cellular slime molds, acellular slime molds, water molds • cellular slime molds, acellular slime molds, animallike protists • cellular slime molds, fungi, water molds

36. Funguslike protists get nutrients by • photosynthesis. • living as an animal parasite. • absorbing them from dead or decaying matter. • none of the above

37. Which type of protist is likely to be found in a damp, nutrient-rich environment? • a single-celled alga • an animallike protist • a funguslike protist • all of the above

38. The funguslike protists that thrive on dead or decaying organic matter in water, some of which are plant parasites on land, are • water molds. • acellular slime molds. • cellular slime molds. • true fungi.

39. When the amoebalike cells of acellular slime molds fuse, they form structures with many nuclei called • plasmodia. • zoosporangia. • spores. • filaments.

40. In oomycetes, sexual reproduction takes place in the • migrating colony. • sporangium. • antheridium and oogonium. • zoosporangium.

41. What structure of an acellular slime mold is analogous to the colony of cellular slime molds? • sporangium • germinating spore • zygote • plasmodium

42. Protists that break down organic material include the • funguslike protists. • animallike protists. • plantlike protists. • none of the above

43. The work of funguslike protists and other decomposers is important in improving the quality of • salt water. • fresh water. • topsoil. • potato crops.

44. What kinds of weather conditions might cause a farmer to worry about infection by Phytophthora infestans? • warm and dry • cool and dry • warm and wet • cool and wet

45. A mildewed grape crop might be caused by a(an) • cellular slime mold. • acellular slime mold. • water mold. • none of the above

46. Protists are a diverse group of mainly multicellular eukaryotes. • True • False

47. Ciliates use flagella for feeding and movement. • True • False

48. If the people in a town contracted amebic dysentery or infections by the animallike protist, Giardia, the most likely cause would be contaminated drinking water. • True • False

49. The type of chlorophyll most efficient at capturing red and violet light is chlorophyll a. • True • False

50. Euglenas have cell walls composed of silica and shaped like the two sides of a pillbox. • True • False