1. High Performance Tray Design Dr. Leon Fan Kenning Engineering, LLC

2. Dr. Leon Fan • Graduate Chinese Academy of Sciences • Post Doctoral Work on Gas/Liquid Two Phase Flow, University of Illinois • FRI Research Engineer • Glitch Inc. Manager, Research Department • ACS Separations Technology, Technical Director • Six Tray Patents & Numerous Publications

3. High Performance Trays High Capacity + High Separation Efficiency • Uniform Gas/Liquid Flow Distribution • Intimate Gas/Liquid Contact on the Tray • Correct Liquid Residence Time on the Tray-Deck and in the Down-Comer

4. Structured Packing (1) • Advantages • Low Pressure Drop • High Gas Flow Capacity • High Mass Transfer Under Certain Conditions

5. Structured Packing (2) • Disadvantages • Unstable Performance at High Liquid Rates • High Bed Requires Liquid Re-distribution • Cannot be Used in Fouling Systems • Application • Low to Medium Liquid Rate Distillation

6. Isobutane/N-Butane, 300 psia Tested by FRI

7. History Begins in Early 1990 • Glitch Nye Tray • Glitch SuperFrac Tray (Early Version) • Nutter MVG • Koch MaxFrac • Norton Triton • Glitch SuperFrac Tray (New Version)

8. Development Incentives • Production Expansion Without Changing Column Size or Tower Attachments • Improved Product Quality • Reduction of Reflux Rate and Energy Consumption • Improved Anti-Fouling Characteristics

9. Common Characteristics • Use of Fixed or Moveable Valves, Instead of Sieve Tray • Use of Modified Down-Comers

10. Gas Liquid Flow Pattern Sieve Tray Valve Tray

11. Normal Tray Valve

12. New Mini-Valves, Gas Flow Patterns

13. Kenning Tray • “Scallop Edged, Miniature-Valves” SEMV’s • Scalloped Edges Divide Gas Stream to Several Small Streams to Enhance Gas/Liquid Contact • Small Gas Streams Reduce Pressure Drop • Small Gas Streams Reduce Liquid Entrainment

14. Gas-Liquid Flow Pattern on Conventional Tray Low Liquid Flow Efficient Mass Transfer Low Gas Flow July 2001

15. Conventional Bubbling Promoter Downcomer Vessel Wall Liquid Flow Gas Flow

16. Kenning Bubbling Promoter

17. Triangular Bubbling Promoters • Diminish High, Horizontal Liquid Velocity out of Down-comer • Strong Gas Streams Blend Clear Liquid into Froth • Three Dimensional Velocity of all Gas Streams out of Bubbling Promoter

18. Truncated Downcomer Koch MaxFracTM Tray with Truncated Downcomer

19. Gas-Liquid Flow Pattern on Kenning Tray Efficient Mass Transfer

20. Downcomer Design • Create Best Initial Liquid Flow Distribution • Minimize Down-comer Bottom to Increase Active Area • Maximize Weir Length and Down-comer Exit Length

21. Glitch New SuperFrac™ Tray Downcomer Design

22. KenningTray Isometric

23. Kenning Tray Downcomer Design

24. Kenning Tray Basic Components • Miniature Valves • Bubbling Promoters • Down-Comers

25. Kenning Tray Deck

26. View of Tray

27. 1-Butene Separation System • Existing System • Two Consecutive Towers 1.3 m & 1.8 m I.D • 150 Conventional Trays in Each Tower • Existing Trays Japanese Design & Manufacture • Goal • Increase Feed Rate from 3.2 tons/hr to 5 tons/hr • Raise Yield from 89% to more than 90%

28. Results • Feed Rate Increased to 5 tons/hr • Yield Raised to 93.6% • Total Pressure Drop of the Columns did not Increase • No Tower Attachments Changed • No Welding on the Vessels

29. Reasons for Capacity Gain • SEMV’s allow increased gas flow with lower pressure drop. • Downcomer design increases active tray area and improves vapor/liquid flow distribution. • Bubbling Promoter aerates liquid more quickly. • High separation efficiency reduces reflux rate.

30. Modified Arrangement of Side Draw Fig. 10

31. Typical Vapor Horn Gas Flow In Gas Flow Out

32. Multi-Stage Vapor Distributor Gas Flow In

33. View of Multi-Stage Vapor Distributor

34. C4 & Solvent Mixing Section Fig. 5a Fig. 5b