1. Art Appreciation October 4, 2010: Photography (Chapter 9)

2. Timothy H. O’Sullivan, Ancient Ruins in the Canyon de Chelle(1873)

3. Paul Martin, Entrance to Victoria Park (1893)

4. Lewis Hine, Breaker Boys Working in Ewen Breaker of Pennsylvania Coal Co. (1911)

5. Hermann Krone, Still Life of the Washerwoman (1853)

6. Photography and the traditional arts

7. Photography and the traditional arts • “Original” and “copy”

8. Photography and the traditional arts • “Original” and “copy” • Photography as the “democratic” art form

9. Photography and the traditional arts • “Original” and “copy” • Photography as the “democratic” art form • Photography = communicates RELATIVE truth

11. Photography and the traditional arts • “Original” and “copy” • Photography as the “democratic” art form • Photography = communicates RELATIVE truth

12. Photography and the traditional arts • “Original” and “copy” • Photography as the “democratic” art form • Photography = communicates RELATIVE truth • aesthetic form or document of life?

14. Photography and the traditional arts • “Original” and “copy” • Photography as the “democratic” art form • Photography = communicates RELATIVE truth • aesthetic form or document of life?

15. The camera obscura

17. The first photograph – Niepce (1825)

18. Louis Daguerre

19. Louis Daguerre • Invented the daguerreotype process with Niepce

20. Louis Daguerre • Invented the daguerreotype process with Niepce • Image formed through mercury and silver compound to produce an image on a silver plate

23. Problems with the Daguerreotype • There was no negative; only originals • Left-right reversal • Expensive silver plates • Very fragile • Highly poisonous bromine & mercury vapors

24. Daguerre’s Le boulevard du temple (1838)

25. Problems with the Daguerreotype • There was no negative; only originals • Left-right reversal • Expensive silver plates • Very fragile • Highly poisonous bromine & mercury vapors • Long exposure times

26. The Calotype Process

27. The Calotype Process • Introduced by Fox Talbot in 1841

28. The Calotype Process • Introduced by Fox Talbot in 1841 • Photography on paper, with a few minutes of exposure time in good light

29. The Calotype Process • Introduced by Fox Talbot in 1841 • Photography on paper, with a few minutes of exposure time in good light • Advantage over daguerreotype: prints could be made

30. The Calotype Process • Introduced by Fox Talbot in 1841 • Photography on paper, with a few minutes of exposure time in good light • Advantage over daguerreotype: prints could be made • Paper lessened the detail of the picture

31. The Calotype Process • Introduced by Fox Talbot in 1841 • Photography on paper, with ½ hour exposure time • Advantage over daguerreotype: prints could be made • Paper lessened the detail of the picture

32. The Collodion process

33. The Collodion process • Renders both daguerreotype and calotype obsolete – 1851

34. The Collodion process • Renders both daguerreotype and calotype obsolete – 1851 • Replace the calotype’s paper with glass

35. The Collodion process • Renders both daguerreotype and calotype obsolete – 1851 • Replace the calotype’s paper with glass • Creates a more detailed, stable negative

36. The Collodion process • Renders both daguerreotype and calotype obsolete – 1851 • Replace the calotype’s paper with glass • Creates a more detailed, stable negative • Allows the artist to make an unlimited number of prints from a single negative

37. Louis Pierson, Countess Castiglione (1860)

38. The Collodion process • http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/videoDetails?cat=2&segid=1726&segnr=1

39. Early experiments in photographic portraiture: daguerreotype (1843)

40. Early experiments in photographic portraiture: daguerreotype (1843) • A tripod • The rigid posture and expressions of the sitter • Timing of the exposure • Two prints required two sittings

41. Early experiments in photographic portraiture: calotype

42. Early experiments in photographic portraiture: calotype David Octavius Hill and Robert Adamson, Free Church of Scotland, 1843 (oil painting)

43. Capt. Robert-Barclay Allardyce(Hill/Adamson)

44. Hill/Adamson, The Misses Binny and Miss Monro(1845)

45. Hill/Adamson, The Misses Binny and Miss Monro(1845) • Relative to painting, the calotype showed “the imperfect work of man … and not the perfect work of God.”

46. Collodion’s impact on Portraiture

47. Collodion’s impact on Portraiture • Made commercial portraiture possible on a large scale

48. Collodion’s impact on Portraiture • Made commercial portraiture possible on a large scale • Ease of reproducing prints and better quality of prints

50. Photography & Portraiture