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The Evolution of Labor in the Late 19th Century America

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21 diapositives · 314 Views · Nov 12, 2014

Explore political cartoons and primary sources to understand the changing nature of work during the late 19th century. Discuss the demand for low-skilled labor leading to "deskilling" of artisans, harsh labor conditions like low pay, long hours, and dangerous sweatshops, as well as the incorporation of child labor and working women. Learn about key responses to these issues, including the works of photojournalist Jacob Riis, the Settlement House Movement initiated by Jane Addams, and influential ideologies like the Gospel of Wealth by Andrew Carnegie and Social Darwinism by John D. Rockefeller. Delve into the development of workers' organizations and unions, such as the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor, and the challenges they faced, including setbacks like the Homestead Steel Strike and Pullman Strike.

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  1. 471-480- Analyze primary sources (political cartoons). - Describe the changing nature of work during the late 19th Century.

  2. Quiz

  3. The Changing Nature of Work • Demand for low skilled labor increased resulting in the • “deskilling” of artisans. • Conditions of labor: • low pay • dangerous • long hours • sweatshops – • “the needle”

  4. Typical NYC Sweatshop, 1910

  5. Typical NYC Sweatshop, 1910

  6. The Changing Nature of Work • Demand for low skilled labor increased resulting in the • “deskilling” of artisans. • Conditions of labor: • low pay • dangerous • long hours • sweatshops – • “the needle” • Child labor

  7. The Changing Nature of Work • Demand for low skilled labor increased resulting in the • “deskilling” of artisans. • Conditions of labor: • low pay • dangerous • long hours • sweatshops – • “the needle” • Child labor • Working women

  8. Responses: • Photojournalist Jacob Riis publishes work “How The • Other Half Lives”

  9. Mulberry Street Bend, 1889

  10. Responses: • Photojournalist Jacob Riis publishes work “How The • Other Half Lives” • Settlement House Movement begins with Jane Addams • establishing the Hull House in Chicago.

  11. Responses: • Photojournalist Jacob Riis publishes work “How The • Other Half Lives” • Settlement House Movement begins with Jane Addams • establishing the Hull House in Chicago. • Gospel of Wealth – Andrew Carnegie

  12. “The Gospel of Wealth” • Poverty due to flawed character traits. • Inequality is inevitable and good. • Wealthy should act as “trustees” for their “poorer brethren.” Andrew Carnegie

  13. Responses: • Photojournalist Jacob Riis publishes work “How The • Other Half Lives” • Settlement House Movement begins with Jane Addams • establishing the Hull House in Chicago. • Gospel of Wealth – Andrew Carnegie • Social Darwinism – John D. Rockefeller

  14. Social Darwinism • Adapted Darwin’s ideas from the “Origin of Species” to humans. • Notion of “Survival of the Fittest.” Herbert Spencer

  15. Responses: • Photojournalist Jacob Riis publishes work “How The • Other Half Lives” • Settlement House Movement begins with Jane Addams • establishing the Hull House in Chicago. • Gospel of Wealth – Andrew Carnegie • Social Darwinism – John D. Rockefeller • Workers organize • The Great Uprising (1877) • Labor Unions • Knights of Labor – (1869) Terrence Powderly • Haymarket Square (1886) • American Federation of Labor – 1886 Sam Gompers • Used “Collective Bargaining” • Setbacks: • The Homestead Steel Strike - (1892) • The Pullman Strike - (1894) Eugene Debs