1 / 43

Systematics

Systematics. Systematics. Classifying organisms Hierarchical organization Alternative classifications systems Phylogenetic taxonomy Analogy vs. homology Phylogenetic approaches Evolutionary systematics Cladistics Determining degree of relationship by molecular similarity

cleantha-thanos
Télécharger la présentation

Systematics

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Systematics

  2. Systematics Classifying organisms Hierarchical organization Alternative classifications systems Phylogenetic taxonomy Analogy vs. homology Phylogenetic approaches Evolutionary systematics Cladistics Determining degree of relationship by molecular similarity Characteristics used in microbial classification The three domains, overview of diversity

  3. Major Ideas Species are classified together because they share a common ancestor. Ideally, taxa should be monophyletic. Evolutionary systematics uses degree of divergence; cladistics uses shared derived characters. Molecular comparisons have revolutionized taxonomy.

  4. Hierarchical Classification

  5. Larger Taxa = More Ancient Founders

  6. Primate Mono, Poly, and Para

  7. Mono, Poly, Para?

  8. Mono, Poly, Para?

  9. Mono, Poly, Para?

  10. “Reptiles” Mono, Poly, Para?

  11. Three Domains with No LGT

  12. Domains with Little LGT

  13. Domains with Much LGT

  14. The “Circle of Life”?

  15. Establishing the Order of Events

  16. A Character Matrix

  17. The Resulting Cladogram

  18. A Character Matrix

  19. A Diagonal Cladogram

  20. A Rectangular Cladogram

  21. A = 1; B = 1, 2, 3, 4; C = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

  22. A = 1; B = 1, 2, 3, 4; C = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

  23. Dolphins Related to Fish

  24. Dolphins Related to Mammals

  25. Cladistic Assumptions Derived characters originate only once. Derived characters never revert to the ancestral state. In other words, evolution is perfectly parsimonious. But…homoplasy happens.

  26. Beta Globulin Noncoding Seq.

  27. Divergence of Honeycreepers

  28. HIV’s Molecular Clock

  29. “Peaceable Kingdom,” 1826

  30. “Bar Code Kingdom,” 2003

  31. Two Bees vs. Two Birds

  32. Honey Bee vs. Bumble Bee

  33. Bumble Bee vs. Robin

  34. The Unexpected “Afrotheria”

  35. Unexpected Dog Phylogeny

  36. Named Species Pie

  37. The Three Domains

  38. Details of the Three Domains

  39. More Details of Domains

  40. Metric Universal Tree

  41. The Eukaryotes, 2003

  42. The Eukaryotes, 2011

  43. Major Ideas Species are classified together because they share a common ancestor. Ideally, taxa should be monophyletic. Evolutionary systematics uses degree of divergence; cladistics uses shared derived characters. Molecular comparisons have revolutionized taxonomy.

More Related