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Systematics of Pinophyta

Systematics of Pinophyta. Pinus. Male cones many and clustered Female cones woody, with persistent soles (apophysis) Needles in cluster of 2-5; evergreen Umbo may be terminal or dorsal. Pinus ponderosa. Ovulate cone, LS. Microsporangiate cone, LS. Microsporophyll, TS. Pinus ovule.

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Systematics of Pinophyta

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  1. Systematics of Pinophyta

  2. Pinus • Male cones many and clustered • Female cones woody, with persistent soles (apophysis) • Needles in cluster of 2-5; evergreen • Umbo may be terminal or dorsal Pinus ponderosa

  3. Ovulate cone, LS

  4. Microsporangiate cone, LS Microsporophyll, TS

  5. Pinus ovule

  6. Pinus kesiya (Benguet pine)

  7. Figs. 9–12 9.Pinus longaeava showing centromucronate umbos. 10. Detail of P. longaeva cone scales showing central position of mucros on the keel (arrows). 11.Pinus kesiya showing excentromucronate umbos. 12. Close up of P. kesiya cone scales showing excentromucronate umbos. University of California Herbarium specimen 1410566

  8. Pinus merkusii

  9. Pinus resinosa Dehiscing pollen Pinus resinosa, young and older male cones Habit of P. resinosa,25 m P. resinosa, 2 leaves per cluster

  10. Pinusresinosa Air bladder Pinus pollen ovulate cones

  11. ovulate cones Pinus muricata young and old male cones 2 needles per cluster bark

  12. Pinus nigra Microsporangiate cones Ovulate cones, young

  13. Pinus quadrifolia Seed cones; open cone, right 4 needles per cluster

  14. Pinus longaeva Needles, 2 per cluster Ovulate cone

  15. European larch, 30 m Genus Larix • Deciduous • Shoots dimorphic • Leaves needle-like; borne singly, spirally-arranged on the long shoots, and in dense clusters of 20-50 needles on the short shoots • Cones erect, green or purple, turns brown at maturity

  16. B Genus Larix A Larix kaempferi, ovulate cones (A & B) Larix griffithii, ovulate cone

  17. Larix occidentalis (Western larch, NW USA, SW Canada)

  18. Genus Abies (fir) • Evergreen, with narrow, conic crown; becomes flattened or rounded in old trees • Ovulate cones erect, dehiscent at maturity • Leaves linear, spirally-arranged; slightly swollen & flattened at the base

  19. Genus Abies Abies needles Abies homolepis, microsporangiate cones

  20. Abies forrestii Abies (ovulate cones) Abies religiosa Abies koreana

  21. Genus Picea (spruce) • Conical, branches whorled • Leaves linear, flat, or angular; spirally-arranged and 4-angled; each needle on a small peg-like structure called pulvinus • Cones erect but becomes pendulous with persistent scales; green to purple seed cones, becomes pale to dark brown at maturity

  22. Picea sitchensis

  23. Male cones Picea abies Female cones Picea abies (Norway spruce)

  24. Picea abies Erect, young female cones

  25. B Picea glauca (White spruce) A Picea glauca, ovulate & microsporangiate cones (A & B)

  26. Genus Pseudotsuga (Douglas-fir) • Leaves flat and needle-like; borne singly, with 2 white stomatal bands • Female cones pendulous, with persistent scales(unlike true firs) & a long tridentine (3-pointed) bract that protrudes above each scale • Pollen cones axillary, cylindric • Bark reddish brown, deeply fissured

  27. Pseudotsuga menziesii (Coast Douglas-fir) Tridentine bracts

  28. Pseudotsuga menziesii

  29. Pseudotsuga mensiezii Microsporangiate cones 3-week old ovulate cone

  30. Family Araucariaceae • Stem erect and massive; bark dark gray-brown, with horizontal ridges • leaves leathery, awl-shaped or broad and flat • Mostly dioecious; female cones globose, usually high on top of the tree • Male cones smaller, narrow to broad cylindrical • Young trees broadly pyramidal or conical, become umbrella-like as they mature

  31. Araucaria araucana Ovulate cones Male cones

  32. Bark of Araucaria araucana

  33. Araucaria heterophylla

  34. Araucaria bidwillii

  35. Cupressaceae (cypress) • Leaves scale-like, arranged in opposite, decussate pairs, persist for 3-5 years • Bark fibrous & furrowed; may be smooth or exfoliating in plates • Many species adapted to forest fires • Ovulate cones globose or ovoid; may be terminal or axillary • Monoecious, except Juniperus

  36. Cupressus leaves

  37. Cupressaceae: Cupressus sempervirens

  38. Cupressus macrocarpa

  39. A) Cupressus lucitanica B) Cupressus arizonica B A Ovulate cones Ovulate & microsporangiate cones

  40. Genus Juniperus • Trees or low, spreading shrubs • Leaves may be needle-like (hard and sharp) or scale-like • Monoecious or dioecious; seed cones fleshy, a berry-like structure (fused scales) • Serves as exclusive food of some lepidopteran larvae

  41. Juniperus californicum Ovulate cones

  42. Juniperus cedrus

  43. Juniperus occidentalis

  44. Juniperus occidentalis

  45. Juniperus horizontalis

  46. Thuja standishii Thuja(“arborvitae”) Shoots flat, leaves scale-like(needle-like in seedlings); scale leaves arranged in alternating decussate pairs in 4 rows along the twigs; male cones small, at the tips of the twigs; used for hedges Thuja occidentalis

  47. Podocarpaceae • Leaves lanceolate to oblong; shrubs or trees • Cones with 2-5 fused scales, becomes berry-like at maturity, brightly colored red to purple, fleshy; male cones often clustered • Many species dioecious Podocarpus macrophyllus, female cones

  48. Taxus cuspidata Taxaceae(yew) • Much branched small trees and shrubs • Leaves linear to lanceolate, spirally arranged • Female cones reduced, with just one ovuliferous scale (which develops into a fleshy aril) & one seed

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