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Understanding Biodiversity: Classification and Importance of Living Organisms

This chapter explores biodiversity, the vast variety of organisms on Earth, ranging from animals and plants to fungi and bacteria. While an estimated 10 to 10,000 million types of organisms exist, fewer than 2 million have been identified. The classification of animals includes vertebrates like mammals, birds, and amphibians. Plants are categorized into flowering and non-flowering types. This chapter emphasizes the importance of biodiversity for providing food, materials, medicines, and essential environmental services, highlighting our responsibility to protect and manage natural habitats.

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Understanding Biodiversity: Classification and Importance of Living Organisms

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  1. CHAPTER 3 BIODIVERSITY

  2. BIODIVERSITY • Living things = organisms • About 10-10000 million kinds of organisms living on earth • Less than 2 million kinds have been identified • Biodiversity = The wide variety of organisms on earth • Different organisms have different characteristics to enable them to adapt and survive in their habitats

  3. CLASSIFICATION(kingdom) • Animals • Plants • Fungi • Bacteria • Very simple organisms

  4. ANIMALS

  5. CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS

  6. VERTEBRATES

  7. AMPHIBIANS • Cold-blooded • Can live both on land & in water • The eggs fertilised outside the female’s body • Young amphibians live in water & breathe with gills • Adults amphibians breathe with lungs when on land • Adults amphibians breathe with skin when in water • Adults have loose & moist skin • Examples = frog, salamader

  8. FISH • Have bodies that are well adapted for life under water • Skin is covered with hard and slimmy scales for protection • Mostly lay eggs that are fertilised outside their bodies • Have fins and tails to swim • Breathe with gills • Cold-blooded

  9. BIRDS • Only animals with feathers • Have beaks & wings but not all can fly • Breathe with lungs • The eggs have hard shells & laid in their nests • The eggs fertilised internally • Warm-blooded

  10. MAMMALS • Warm-blooded • Bodies are covered with hair or fur • The eggs fertilised internally • Give birth to live young • Their young feed on milk from mother’s mammary glands • Breathe with lungs • Examples = cats, cows, dolphins, rats

  11. REPTILES • Mostly live on land • Have hard dry scales to protect their bodies • Breath with lungs • Cold-blooded • Eggs are fertilised inside the female body • Eggs have tough, leathery shells to prevent from drying out • Examples = snakes, crocodiles, turtles

  12. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EACH GROUPS

  13. PLANTS

  14. CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS • Classify into 2 big groups : flowering plants & non-flowering plants • Flowering plants produce flowers. Flowers produce fruits and seeds. • Non-flowering plants = conifers, ferns, mosses, algae • Conifers = pine trees, casuarina trees • Ferns & mosses reproduce by spores • Algae = phytoplankton, seaweed

  15. CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS

  16. MONOCOTYLEDONS • One cotyledon • Have fibrous roots • Leaves = parallel veins • Mostly herbaceous plants (not have woody stems) • Examples = grasses, sugar cane, corn

  17. DICOTYLEDONS • 2 cotyledons • Have tap roots • Leaves = a network of veins • Trees, shrubs or herbaceous plants • Examples = rambutan trees, mango trees, hibiscus

  18. THE IMPORTANCE OF BIODIVERSITY

  19. BENEFITS OF BIODIVERSITY • Source of food : Different food, different nutrients • Source of materials : Houses, furniture, handicrafts, textiles • Source of medicine : Modern & traditional medicines • Clean water : Drink, bathe, grow crops • Air to breathe : Circulation of oxygen and carbon dioxide

  20. Rio earth summit (june 1992) • To protect and manage habitats • To educate people • To use animals, plants, lands and water wisely • To protect threatened species

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