1. PA Early Industrial Growth and Development Chapter 4 Lesson 13 – Mountains of Pennsylvania Hinder Industrial Growth Lesson 14 – Canal Fever Lesson 15 – Steam Engine Fever, Railroads and Coal Lesson 16 – Iron and Oil Lesson 17 – Civil War Comes to PA

2. Vocabulary • Iron smelting – heating process to remove unwanted parts from iron ore and fuse/melt together the leftover pure iron • Coke – product of soft coal • Iron ore – natural resource which iron is made • Refined – to purity from a crude state • Kerosene – a thin oil produced from petroleum for a fuel and a solvent • Petroleum – an oily flammable liquid obtained from wells drilled in the ground and refined into gasoline and fuel oils • Derricks – oil towers

3. 1840’s-1850’s – railroads created a huge demand for Iron • Trains, steam engines, and iron rails • Iron produced from iron ore, smelted into pure iron • Coke, byproduct of soft coal, was ideal fuel for iron-smelting industry • Pittsburgh and Johnstown became centers for the industry • Pittsburgh because of three-river system used to move iron ore and coal

4. Iron-Smelting and Oil Industries • Baldwin Locomotive Works, Philadelphia, Pa., established 1831.

5. Oil is Discovered • Samuel Kier – 1840s, began to bottle “rock oil” and sold it as a medicine • 1850 – Samuel Kier built nations first oil refinery in Pittsburgh – kerosene • 1859 – Edwin Drake and Oil Creek – first well • 69 ft hole drilled with a steam engine • Saturday, August 27, 1859 – quit drilling • Oil discovered floating on surface on Sunday

6. 400 barrels a day • Titusville population went from 300 to several thousands • Other cities, called boomtowns, sprang into existence nearby • 1870 – 5,000 oil towers sprang up in the area

7. Scientists discovered refined oil could be used as a cheap burning fluid for lamps • Oil eventually replaced coal as a cheap source of heat • 1863, Drake left Titusville, lost his money and died poor