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Recognition, Evaluation, and Management of Injuries

Recognition, Evaluation, and Management of Injuries. Objectives. Recognize signs of life-threatening injuries Identify the protocol in first aid and emergency care Understand how to call 911 Understand injury evaluation formats Understand basic treatment protocols Different types of splints.

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Recognition, Evaluation, and Management of Injuries

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  1. Recognition, Evaluation, and Management of Injuries

  2. Objectives • Recognize signs of life-threatening injuries • Identify the protocol in first aid and emergency care • Understand how to call 911 • Understand injury evaluation formats • Understand basic treatment protocols • Different types of splints

  3. Recognition of Injuries • The primary functions of an athletic trainer are to recognize when an injury has occurred, to determine it’s severity, and to apply proper evaluation procedures and treatment protocols. • Recognition is the process where the athletic trainer through observation or second hand theories determines the probable cause and mechanism of injury

  4. Goal of Recognition of Injuries • Control life-threatening injuries • Management of non life-threatening injuries

  5. What are Life-Threatening Injuries? Not breathing Severe Bleeding Suspicion of cranial bleeding Unconsciousness Paralysis Neurological or Circulatory Impairment Shock Obvious deformity Fracture or dislocation Pain along vertebral column Significant swelling and pain Loss of sensation and motion

  6. Evaluation of Life Threatening Injuries Airway A Breathing B Circulation C

  7. Secondary Survey • Varies athlete to athlete • Normal range • Physical activity causes variance • Respiratory Rate, Skin Temp, Skin Color, and Skin Moisture • Vital Signs • Abnormal Nerve Response • Blood Pressure • Movement • Pulse • Respiration • Skin Color • State of Consciousness • Temperature

  8. Evaluation of Non-Life Threatening Injuries Mechanism of Injury Onset of Symptoms Location of Injury Quantity or quality of pain Type and location of pain Progression of signs and symptoms Causes of increases and decreases in symptoms Nausea Weakness Dyspenea(shortness of breath)

  9. History H Observation O Palpation P Special Tests S Evaluation of Non-Life Threatening Injuries

  10. HOPS Evaluation Format • The purpose is to determine if a serious injury has occurred • Always expect a fracture • If a fracture is expected splint as is • The evaluation process determines the type of injury.

  11. History • Involves asking questions of the athlete to determine the mechanism of injury. • Mechanism (How did it happen?) • Location of pain (Where does it hurt?) • Sensation experienced (Did you hear a pop or crack?) • Previous Injury (Have you injured this before)

  12. Observation • The athletic trainer should compare the uninvolved side to the involved side and look for bleeding, deformity, swelling, discoloration, scars, and other signs of trauma • COMPARE BI-LATERALLY!!!!

  13. Palpation • This is the first time you actually touch the athlete • Work your way toward the injury site • Palpate the affected area (pin point pain) • Neurological stability (motor and sensory) • Circulatory Function (pulse and capillary refill) • Anatomical structures • Fracture Test (palpation, compression, distraction)

  14. Special tests are a way to determine the integrity and functionality of the joint in question. Muscle Tendon Stability Damage to Accessory Structures Inflammatory Conditions Range of Motion Pain or Weakness Special Tests

  15. Evaluation Format Another evaluation format that is similar to HOPS is SOAP. Subjective S Objective O Assessment A Plan P

  16. Subjective This assessment requires detailed questions to be asked of the athlete. Previous Injury? How did it happen? When did it happen? What did you feel? Type of pain? Where does it hurt? Sounds or Noises?

  17. Objective Involves the physical and functional inspections. Swelling Deformity Ecchymosis Symmetry Gait Scars Facial Expressions Circulation, Neurological, Active, ROM

  18. Assessment Reviews the probable causes and mechanism of the injury, impressions of the injury and treatment goals

  19. Plan This outlines the approach to the injury and the treatment goals. Initial actions could include immediate action, referral, modalities, preventive techniques, rehabilitation goals, and criteria for return.

  20. Basic Treatment Protocol Protection P Rest R Ice I Compression C Elevation E Support S

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