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Climate and Weather: Understanding Air Pressure and Winds

Learn about air pressure, global air circulation, ocean currents, climate classification, and the formation of hurricanes. Understand how air density, temperature, and precipitation are interconnected. Discover the influence of wind on ocean currents and the different types of climate based on temperature and precipitation patterns.

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Climate and Weather: Understanding Air Pressure and Winds

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  1. Class 3b: Climate and Weather

  2. Air pressure and winds • Air is a fluid • Warmer air is less dense • Air moves from dense to less dense conditions • Ex.: Land-sea breezes

  3. Global air circulation • Equator receives most insolation • Hot air rises, heads towards poles • Air becomes heavy and sinks at 30°N and S • Plus the Coriolis effect

  4. Warmer air “holds” more water • Low pressure=warm air=precipitation • High pressure=cold air=dry air

  5. Ocean currents • Follow same circular pattern (driven by wind) • Warm currents flow away from equator, pile up on eastern shores • Gulf Stream, Brazil • Cold currents flow towards equator, cause upwelling • Humboldt/Peru, California

  6. Climate classification • Temperature and precipitation • Köppen classification system • Nine types, plus highlands

  7. Weather: hurricanes • Start at low pressure centers • Warm air rises • Water evaporates with energy from sun • With condensation, energy is released

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