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Cell: The basic unit of life

Cell: The basic unit of life. Binniya Mary Benny B. Ed Student 2015-17 No: 28. OBJECTIVES To identify and explain cell as basic unit of life. To study different cell organelles , their functions and similarities. To study different parts of an animal cell. THE CELL

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Cell: The basic unit of life

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  1. Cell: The basic unit of life Binniya Mary Benny B. Ed Student 2015-17 No: 28

  2. OBJECTIVES • To identify and explain cell as basic unit of life. • To study different cell organelles , their functions and similarities. • To study different parts of an animal cell.

  3. THE CELL • The basic unit of life. • All organisms made up of cells. • Varies in size and shape. • Microscopic cells.

  4. Cells are covered by cell membrane. • All substances inside the cell membrane constitute the protoplasm. • The part of cytoplasm excluding nucleus is cytoplasm. • Cell organelles are specific parts seen in the cytoplasm to perform physiological functions. • Cells are differentiated into plant cell and animal cell. There are some structural differences between them. But functionally same.

  5. PLANT CELL

  6. Animal Cell

  7. Components • Cell membrane • Protoplasm • Cytoplasm • Cell nucleus • Nucleolus • Mitochondria • Endoplasmic reticulum • Golgi apparatus • Ribosomes • Lysosomes • Vacuole • Centrosome • Microtubule

  8. CELL NUCLEUS • Referred to as the control center of the cell. • The genetic material of the organism is present in cell nucleus. • Replication of DNA& synthesis of RNA occurs. • Regulates the activities of other cell organelles. • NUCLEOLUS • Structure with in nucleus • Helps in synthesis of ribosomes. Nucleolus Nucleus

  9. Power house of the cell. • Helps in the production and storage of energy. • Cellular respiration • Abundantly seen in the cells of liver, brain and muscles where energy requirement is high. • The energy produced is ATP. MITOCHONDRION

  10. The passage in the cell. • Network for transport of certain substances in and out of the nucleus. • Conduction of materials inside the cell takes place through this organelle. • Also known as cytoskeleton as it provides firmness and shape to the cell. • Composed of rough and smooth ER.(RER & SER) • Exists in three forms: Lamellae, Vesicles & Tubules • ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

  11. RIBOSOME • Centre of protein synthesis in the cell. • Known as protein factories. • Seen either attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or free in the cytoplasm. • Have two sub units. Large subunit and small subunit.

  12. GOLGI COMPLEX • Collects cell secretions like enzymes, hormones, mucous etc., in small vesicles. • Seen in plenty in glandular cells. • Seen plenty in glandular cells. • Involved with processing and packaging of the molecules that are synthesized by the cells. • The crude proteins that are passed on by the ER to the apparatus are developed by Golgi apparatus into primary, secondary and tertiary proteins.

  13. MICROTUBULES • Hollow rods • Functions as support and shape to the cell. • LYSOSOME • Referred as suicide bags of cell • Have digestive enzymes and are involved in clearing the unwanted waste materials from the cell. • Engulf damaged materials like damaged cells, invading microorganisms & digest food particles.

  14. Vacuole • VACUOLE • Large storage organelles • Store excess food or water • CENTROSOME • Found in centrosome. • Play major role in cell division. • Organize the microtubules assembly during cell division.

  15. REFERENCES • SCERT Text book, STD viii • http://www.enchantedlearning.com/cell • http://biology.about.com>AboutEducation>Biology>Cell Biology • http://biololgy tutorvista.com/animal-and-plant cell

  16. THANK YOU…

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