1. Transactional Analysis

2. Transactional Analysis • A model for explaining why and how: • People think like they do • People act like they do • People interact/communicate with others • Based on published ‘psychological’ work such as: • Games People Play (Dr. Eric Berne) • I’m OK - - You’re OK (Dr. Tom Harris) • Born to Win (Dr. Dorothy Jongeward)

3. Our Brain (according to Berne) • Determines what we think and how we act • Acts like a tape recorder while recording • Events • Associated feelings • Has 3 distinct parts or ego states • Parent • Adult • Child

4. Parent Ego State • Thoughts, feelings, attitudes, behavioral patterns based on messages or lessons learned from parents and other ‘parental’ or authoritarian sources • Shoulds and should nots; oughts and ought nots; always and never • Prejudicial views (not based on logic or facts) on things such as: religion dress salespeople traditions work products money raising children companies • Nurturing views (sympathetic, caring views) • Critical views (fault finding, judgmental, condescending views)

5. Adult Ego State • Thoughts, feelings, attitudes, behavioral patterns based on objective analysis of information (data, facts) • Make decisions based on logic, computations, probabilities, etc. (not emotion)

6. Child Ego State • Thoughts, feelings, attitudes, behavioral patterns based on child-like emotions, impulses, feelings we have experienced • Child-like examples Curious Eager to please Impulsive Self-centered Angry Fearful Happy Pleasure seeking Rebellious Happy

7. Ego Portraits • People have favorite, preferred ego state, depicted by larger circle in a diagram ParentAdultChild P P P A A A C C C

8. Human Interaction Analysis • A transaction = any interaction or communication between 2 people • People send and receive messages out of and into their different ego states • How people say something (what others hear?) just as important as what is said • Types of communication, interactions • Complementary • Crossed • Ulterior

9. Complementary ‘Transactions’ • Interactions, responses, actions regarded as appropriate and expected from another person. • Parallel communication arrows, communication continues. Example 1: #1 What time do you have? #2 I’ve got 11:15. P P A A C C

10. Complementary ‘Transactions’ cont’d Example 2: #1 You’re late again! P P #2 I’m sorry. It won’t happen again. A A C C

11. Crossed ‘Transactions’ • Interactions, responses, actions NOT regarded as appropriate or expected from another person. • Crossed communication arrows, communication breakdown. Example 1 #1 What time do you have? #2 There’s a clock on the wall, why don’t you figure it out yourself? P P A A C C

12. Crossed ‘Transactions’ cont’d Example 2 #1 You’re late again! #2 Yeah, I know, I had a flat tire. P P A A C C

13. Ulterior ‘Transactions’ • Interactions, responses, actions which are different from those explicitly stated Example #1 How about coming up to my room and listening to some music? P P A A C C