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Understanding the Cell Cycle: Mitosis and Meiosis Explained

This review covers the cell cycle stages, including Interphase and Mitosis. It details key phases: G1 (cell growth), S (DNA replication), G2 (preparation for division), M (mitosis and cytokinesis). It describes how prokaryotic cells reproduce, the processes of asexual reproduction, and the structure of chromosomes. Also discussed are mitosis stages (PPMAT), meiosis, and the significance of crossing over. The differences between diploid and haploid cells, cancer cells, and the importance of genetic diversity are included, making this a comprehensive guide to cellular processes.

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Understanding the Cell Cycle: Mitosis and Meiosis Explained

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  1. Chapter 12, 13 TEST REVIEW DUH BRAH. EASY STUH-FFFF steevihn.tumblr.com

  2. What are the stages of the CELL cycle and what happens in each? • Short answer: INTERPHASE AND MITOSIS • G1: gap period, cell makes proteins and organelles, grows in size • S: DNA synthesis; DNA replication occurs • G2: gap period 2; metabolic activity occurs, cell gets ready to divide • M: Mitotic phase • Includes mitosis: cells divide into 2 • And cytokinesis: cytoplasm is divided into 2 • Ms. Babbey is full of lies.

  3. How do prokaryotic cells reproduce? • By binary fission

  4. What structures contain DNA? • chromsomes

  5. Tell me 2 things about asexual reproduction. • Only one parent • Genetically identical offspring • Occurs rapidly • How bacteria and prokaryotes reproduce • Ms. Babbey is a zombie.

  6. What is the longest phase of mitosis? • Interphase

  7. When are chromosomes replicated? • S phase of Interphase

  8. What are the fibers containing DNA and proteins called? • Chromatin

  9. What holds sister chromatids together? • Centromeres

  10. List the 5 stages of mitosis. • PPMAT • Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase • Ms. Babbey eats babies.

  11. When do chromosomes become visible? • Prophase

  12. When do cells elongate and new nuclei form? • telophase

  13. When do chromosomes line up in the middle? • metaphase

  14. When do chromosomes begin to separate? • anaphase

  15. How do animal cells do cytokinesis? • With cleavage furrows

  16. How do plant cells do cytokinesis? • With cell plates • Vesicles containing cellulose form them • Ms. Babbey is the devil.

  17. How many daughter cells are made in mitosis? • 2

  18. How many daughter cells are made in meiosis? • 4

  19. How many pairs of chromosomes in human body cells? • 23 pairs, 46 total

  20. Name some diploid cells. • Skin, muscle, blood, body cells • 2n • 23 pairs of chromosomes • Somatic cells • Zygotes • Ms. Babbey hates puppies, and kills them.

  21. Name some haploid cells. • Egg, sperm • n • 23 chromosomes • Gametes • DIS EEZ UPSIDE DOWNNNNNNNNNNNNN.

  22. How many cell divisions in meiosis? • 2

  23. What is a gamete? • Sex cells • Egg or sperm • Haploid • n • Made by meiosis • Ms. Babbey kills dingos for fun.

  24. When does crossing over occur? • Prophase I

  25. Why is crossing over important? • Genetic diversity, health of populations

  26. Where does meiosis occur? • In the ovaries and testes

  27. What is a karyotype • Magnified picture of all our chromosomes lined up in pairs • Ms. Babbey does NOT Remember the fifth of November

  28. What are somatic cells? • Body cells • 2n • diploid

  29. Telophase is the opposite of what phase? • prophase

  30. What are some functions of mitosis? • Growth, repair, development, asexual reproduction • Ms. Babbey likes calendars, and dead children.

  31. What is meiosis? • How we make gametes (egg and sperm)

  32. Are somatic cells diploid or haploid? • diploid

  33. Are sex cells diploid or haploid? • haploid

  34. Reproduction with one parent is… • Asexual reproduction

  35. What is a zygote? • A fertilized egg • Diploid • 2n • DIS BE SIDEWAYzzzzzzzzz

  36. What causes down syndrome? • Trisomy 21 • 3 chromosomes #21 instead of 2

  37. What is a deletion? When part of the chromosome gets erased during cell divison

  38. What comes before mitosis and meiosis? Interphase

  39. What is a benign tumor? • One that doesn’t spread throughout the body • Is Ms. Babbeys’ lizard alive right now?

  40. What are the two halves of duplicated chromosomes called? • Sister chromatids • No.

  41. What is division of the cytoplasm called? • Cytokinesis

  42. How is anaphase of mitosis different than anaphase I? • Sister chromatids, not chromosomes, separate

  43. What kinds of chromosomes do sperm have? • 22 autosomes • 1 sex chromosome, either X or Y • They are haploid

  44. How is the cell cycle of cancer cells different? • It’s shorter and faster • Mitosis happens more

  45. What does meiosis make? • Haploid cells • Egg and sperm • Gametes • Genetically different from each other and the parent cells

  46. When does a cell plate form? • Telophase

  47. Draw: anaphase, anaphase I, anaphase II

  48. A body cell has 24 chromosomes. Therefore, a sperm from this would have ____. • 12

  49. Homologous chromosomes move towards opposite poles during what? • Anaphase I

  50. Is a zygote haploid or diploid? • diploid

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