Iris Hsin-chun Tuan UCLA Ph.D . Associate Professor NCTU

1. CH12 Playwriting and Dramaturgy Iris Hsin-chun Tuan UCLA Ph.D. Associate Professor NCTU

2. The Playwright • The working methods of playwrights also vary very widely. • Bertolt Brecht began with an outline and then elaborated on it. William Gibson sits on a reading of his play “Golda,” an autobiography of former Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir. The playwright was known for the demanding roles he wrote for women.

3. The Playwright • The mechanics of playwriting also vary widely from one writer to another. • Some writers spend years refining a script. • ex. August Wilson’s first draft of Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom. • It didn’t include Leeve and the other band members, • although in his final version of the play these characters are essential to its conflict.

4. The Playwright • Because plays are intend for the stage, most writers need to see their work performed before they can be sure they have accomplished what they intended.

5. The Playwright • The types of assistance the playwright needs and can get in developing a script vary widely. • After assessing the script as presented and the audience’s responses, the playwright usually makes further revision.

6. The Playwright • Some playwrights are fortunate enough to be members of a playwright’s workshop where scripts can be worked on over a period of time in a process that includes multiple opportunities for rehearsed readings or perfomances.

7. The Playwright • Ultimately, full production is the playwright’s goal. • Ex.The Actors Theatre of Louisville • In New York, several organizations, including the LaMama Experimental Theatre Club and the Manhattan Theatre Club. • Among the scripts that have gone through this process are Wilson’s Wasserstein’s The Heidi Chronicles, • August Wilson’s The Piano lesson. • Tony Kushner’s Angles in America, • Paula Vogel’s How I Learned to Drive.

8. The Piano lesson • August Wilson's The Piano Lesson returns to Yale Rep • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W19wv92K51c

9. Angles in America • Harper and Joe - Angels in America • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fG9pq4utLTM

10. Wilson’s Wasserstein’s The Heidi Chronicles • http://youtu.be/bpdBUava4q4?t=18m18s

11. Paula Vogel’s How I Learned to Drive • http://youtu.be/MTSUR-8oYY8?t=40m13s

12. The Playwright • Unfortunately, the number of writers who obtain assistance in developing their scripts is relatively small. • Thus, despite playwrights’ efforts, some plays are never produced. The Heidi Chronicles

13. The Playwright • The difficulties of finding a producer and making contractual arrangement are so complex that most writers prefer to work through an agent. • A producer who is interested in a script may purchase an option on it, • If the producer decides to stage the play, a contract is drawn up. Tony Kushner’s Angles in America

14. The Playwright • During rehearsals, many changes may be made in a script. • Sometimes directors make demands that writers think unjustified. • Ex. Tennessee Williams’s play Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. Video link A version of this poster originally appeared as a part of our series of Summer Under the Stars recommendations in August 2010. It’s being reprinted here as part of the LAMB’s “Acting School 101” tribute to Elizabeth Taylor.

15. The Playwright • Playwrights often revise scripts right up to opening night. • A playwright may continue to rework a script over many years and through several productions. 1: the frustrated lady (Liz Taylor here in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof). Poor Maggie the Cat is a beautiful Southern lady trying (unsuccessfully) to grab her alcoholic husband's attention.

16. The Dramaturg • Many theatres now have a dramaturg on their staff. • The dramaturg is not a recent innovation. Dramaturg Career Details. Career Overview

17. The Dramaturg and Literary Management • In the United States, the scope of dramaturgy varies widely from one company to another: • Literary management－finding, developing, or shaping scripts • Production dramaturgy －working with directors on specific productions of plays (new or old). Portland Center Stage Announces Layoffs, Eliminates Literary Department

18. The Dramaturg and Literary Management • Literary management, involved in • New play development • helping to select a company’s season of plays • Preparation of production scripts. • New play development is a delicate process. • Dramaturgs sometimes describe to the writer what they find in the script .

19. The Dramaturg and Literary Management • Although some type of new play development has probably existed since the beginning of theatre, • most playwrights prefer to work with one or a series of non-for-profit theatres. • Not all playwrights are enthusiastic about“play development” base from others.

20. The Dramaturg and Literary Management • Production Dramaturgy, involved in: • Concerned with specific production. • Does not make decisions but help the director make them or supply crucial information, and interpret the script. • Usually attend rehearsals. • Have some responsibility for educating the audience. Amy Freeman: What was your process for designing for Joe Turner? Did you do research on your own and then did you talk to Heather Helinsky and Nelson Barre, the dramaturgs, and Daniel , the director?