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Understanding DNA Fingerprinting: Identification and Techniques

This lesson explores how scientists utilize DNA fingerprinting for individual identification. Students will learn the importance of DNA's unique sequences, which allow for differentiation between individuals. Key concepts include the methods for obtaining DNA, such as from blood or hair, and the processes involved in DNA analysis like Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Gel Electrophoresis. By the end of the lesson, students will understand the role of noncoding genetic markers and how they contribute to creating DNA fingerprints for forensic identification.

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Understanding DNA Fingerprinting: Identification and Techniques

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  1. Aim: How do scientists identify people using DNA Fingerprinting?

  2. LO: SWBAT explain how scientists identify people using DNA fingerprinting DN: Why do we fingerprint people? What is it useful for? HW: read pp 322-325, page 339 #18-19 Fri: Review Book- Respiration Quarterly- Next Wed/Thurs

  3. Why do we Fingerprint? So we can identify people

  4. Why is DNA used to identify people? People have different DNA base sequences, therefore each individual will have a different DNA fingerprint.

  5. Genetic Markers: ATTGCCTAGG - Individual 1 ATTGCCATGG - Individual 2 • particular stretches of ____ that are _________ among individuals. DNA variable • Our __________ regions are highly _________ from one individual to another and serve as good ________________ to be used for DNA fingerprinting. noncoding variable genetic markers

  6. How do scientists make a DNA Fingerprint? Investigators need to find some ____ of the perpetrator. DNA Where can the investigators find the DNA? • Blood • Hair • Nails • Skin

  7. Only a small amount of DNA is needed! Polymerase Chain Reaction: PCR The sample of DNA is amplified (___________) multiplied

  8. PCR Animation

  9. Gel Electrophoresis • Amplified DNA is cut with specific __________________. • 2) DNA segments are loaded into wells in a porous ____. • 3) Electric current is passed through the gel making one side of the gel __ charged and one side __ charged. restriction enzymes gel – +

  10. Gel Electrophoresis • DNA is ___________ charged & moves through the gel to the _________ side. • 5) Smaller segments move _______ & ________ than the larger segments. negatively positive faster farther

  11. Gel Electrophoresis 6) The gel is then ________ so we can see the DNA ________ patterns. stained banding Result: The smaller segments of DNA are found closer to the _________ end than the larger segments. positive

  12. **Separates DNA segments according to _____. SIZE

  13. Gel Electrophoresis - +

  14. DNA Fingerprint Questions: • What is the charge of DNA? • Where would we find the smallest DNA fragments, closer to the + end or the – end? • Why do we get different banding patterns for each individual? • 4) Which suspect was at the crime scene?

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