2014 ISCMEM Annual Meeting Group 4 - Distributed Watershed Water Quality Model Development

1. 2014 ISCMEM Annual Meeting Group 4 - Distributed Watershed Water Quality Model Development Billy Johnson (USACE) – Co-Group Leader LajAhuja (ARS-Fort Collins) – Co-Group Leader February 25-26, 2014

2. Working Group 4 Objectives The objectives of this working group are to foster technology transfer in the form of sharing basic knowledge and, where applicable, sharing modules/tools for the betterment of the modeling community. The hope is that through this technology transfer, collaborations between individual agencies and individual researchers can be achieved such that joint projects and research development efforts can be initiated.

3. Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) Field Demonstration and Validation of TREECS and EFS for the Risk Assessment of Contaminants on DoD Ranges 14 E-ER1-002 Billy Johnson, ERDC-EL and Eric Weber, EPA-ERD

4. Project Team

5. Problem Statement Concern over the release of munitions constituents (MC) on active firing ranges and other than operational training lands that have the potential for the MC to migrate to off-range areas is increasing and endangers the long-term sustainability of ranges. Energetic compounds are commonly found at open burn/open detonation explosive/ordnance demolition sites. In addition, heavy metals accumulate on firing ranges and are a concern due to their potential toxicity to animals and risk to human health. Finally, the issue of emerging contaminants due to new MC and contaminants on other than operational lands are becoming a bigger issue for DoD installations.

6. Technical Objectives • The objectives of this effort are to demonstrate and validate the scientific approach of the integrated TREECS™ and EFS modeling system to show that its performance is consistent, reliable, and cost effective and that TREECS™/EFS advances the ability to reliably quantify the potential of environmental risks of MC on DoD training and testing ranges (active and other than operational). • We will achieve these objectives by: • Identifying three DoD training ranges (Army, Air Force, Navy) • Determining the nature and extent of MC loading • Analyzing potentially complex exposure pathways • Validating TREECS™/EFS to estimate risk from exposure to MC • Developing user guidance in applying TREECS™/EFS for environmental risk assessment • Providing full production transition and technology transfer for environmental specialists and range managers

7. Technology/Methodology Description Training Range Environmental Evaluation and Characterization System (TREECS) is a client-based system that provides forecasts of Munitions Constituents (MC) fate on and off range based on munitions use on range. Development Approach Formulate and couple MC fate/transport-transformation-sequestration models of reduced form in an integrated framework for fast assessments with a minimal amount of user input. This integration of models and databases provide for an innovative approach to evaluating the fate and transport of MC from military training ranges TREECS Components • Framework for Tier 1 and 2 assessments • Constituent databases • Protective Health Benchmark database • Munitions database • MC residual mass loading module based on munitions use • GIS module • Hydro-geo-characteristics toolkit (HGCT) for estimating input parameters • Fate models for soil, surface water, vadose zone, and groundwater • Simplified user input interfaces for models (GUIs) • Viewers for results • Sensitivity and uncertainty module for Tier 2 assessments Certificate of Networthiness for installation on Army Computers!

8. Technology/Methodology Description TREECS Tier 2 Conceptualization

9. Technology/Methodology Description The Environmental Fate Simulator (EFS) is designed to provide the necessary molecular and environmental descriptors necessary for the parameritization of fate modes for estimating concentrations of the parent chemical and predicted transformation products. Development Approach Integration of cheminformatics applications for the encoding of process science with software technologies that allow for the high through put calculation of pchem properties and retrieval of measured data required for the parameritization of environmental fate models EFS Components • Chemical Editor provides options for chemical entry • Reaction Pathway Simulator generates potential transformation products based on user-specified conditions • Physicochemical Properties Calculator for providing Molecular descriptors for the parent chemical and predicted transformation products • Structure-based Database for the storage of calculated and measured physico-chemical properties of parent and potential transformation products • Reaction Rate Calculator for the parameritization and Execution of QSARs and Algorithms • Earth Systems Model for the data mining of environmental descriptors

10. Technology/Methodology Description Reaction Pathway Simulator (RPS): Generates potential transformation products based on user-specified conditions Environmental Fate Simulator Conceptualization Physicochemical Properties Calculator (PPC): Molecular descriptors for the parent chemical and predicted transformation products Chemical Editor (CE): Provides options for chemical entry Structure-based Database (SBD): populated with calculated and measured physico-chemical properties of parent and potential transformation products Earth Systems Model: Data Mining for environmental descriptors Reaction Rate Calculator: Parameritization and Execution of QSARs and Algorithms

11. Eco-system Management Restoration Research Program (EMRRP) Modeling Interactions of Riverine Flow and Vegetation Product Development Team: Billy Johnson (EL) Zhonglong Zhang (BTS Inc.) Mark Jensen (HEC) Blair Greimann (USBR)

12. Questions to be answered • Vegetation in riparian zones play an important role in controlling channel morphology, maintaining a favorable habitat for aquatic organisms • What impact does riparian vegetation have on local flood conditions? • How can vegetation be incorporated into restoration projects without increasing flood risks? • What set of riverine operations can be used to encourage recruitment and survival of native vegetation (and control the spread of invasive species)? • How will management actions impact habitat for endangered and threatened species?

13. Aquatic Vegetation

14. HEC-RAS (River Analysis System) • One-Dimensional (1D) hydraulics program • Computes river velocities, stages, profiles, and inundated areas (with GeoRAS) given streamflow and geometry • Steady, Unsteady Flow, and Quasi-Unsteady (for Sediment analysis) • HEC-RAS simulates sediment transport/movable beds resulting from scour and deposition • Graphical User Interface • Data storage/management • Graphics, Tabular Output & Reporting • GeoRAS – GIS pre and postprocessor

15. Flow Water depth? HEC-RAS Hydraulics • Unsteady flow • Steady flow Physically based routing for flow, sediment, nutrients, and contaminants.

16. HEC-RAS Sediment Analysis Module Fluvial sediment schematic Wash load Bed material load Bed material Most Advanced 1-D Channel Sedimentation Model: Accounts for bed armoring and sediment resuspension. Suspended load – sand, silt & clay Bed load – sand, gravel, cobbles & boulders Wash load – silt & clay Bed material load – sand, gravel, cobbles & boulders

17. USBR Aquatic Vegetation Model USBR vegetation model offers a highly parameterized simulation of vegetation. Parameters identify root, stem, and canopy growth rates, lateral growth, germination seasons, germination requirements, dormant seasons, and mortality factors, including desiccation, inundation, erosion, shading, and competition.