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Unit I: The First Global Age

Unit I: The First Global Age. Centralizing Rulers: - Henry VIII and Elizabeth I of England - Louis XI and Henry IV of France - Charles V, the Hapsburg ruler of Spain and the ‘Holy Roman Empire’ - Philip II of Spain - Ivan IV of Russia Absolute Monarchy:

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Unit I: The First Global Age

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  1. Unit I: The First Global Age

  2. Centralizing Rulers: - Henry VIII and Elizabeth I of England - Louis XI and Henry IV of France - Charles V, the Hapsburg ruler of Spain and the ‘Holy Roman Empire’ - Philip II of Spain - Ivan IV of Russia Absolute Monarchy: - Louis XIV of France* - Frederick the Great of Prussia - Peter the Great and Catherine the Great of Russia Constitutional Monarchy: - Dutch Republic: Stadholder and the States General - England: English Civil War (1640-1649); Charles I beheaded Commonwealth; Oliver Cromwell Restoration of 1660 Glorious Revolution of 1688; William and Mary; English Bill of Rights

  3. A. The Rise of Nations • Struggle for power during the Middle Ages a. Roman Catholic Church (pope) v. regional monarchies (kingdoms) *feudalism was on the decline *economic growth and territorial expansion *Decline of Church power and authority b. Monarchs began to increase their authority *Pope was no longer a direct authority *Monarchies began to consolidate borders and power -The shift occurred first in England and France *Feelings of nationalism began to develop amongst subjects

  4. A. The Rise of Nations (cont’d) 2. Growth of Power in France a. Hugh Capet and the Capetians (late 10th century) *made French throne hereditary *gained territory by playing rival nobles against each other *developed a system of tax collection b. Led to the Hundred Years’ War (1350’s -1450’s) *France v. England *Joan of Arc rallied the French to victory -burned at the stake by the English (martyred and canonized) -her efforts bolstered the power of French kings *French kings developed policies that weakened the nobles and strengthened the monarchy *The Estates-General had no real power over the king

  5. A. The Rise of Nations (cont’d) 3. Limited Monarchy in England a. Norman Conquest (1066) *Duke of Normandy (William) conquers England and takes the Anglo-Saxon throne -exerted firm control -Norman nobility (feudalism) -DomesdayBook b. English Legal System *Common Law: Henry II -same for all people -enforced by traveling justices -established a jury system *Magna Carta or Great Charter (1215) -Nobility rebelled against King John and forced him to sign the charter which placed limits on the king’s authority *Parliament (1200’s) -council that evolved into a representative body *English Church (1500’s): Henry VIII -Breakdown between monarchy and RCC, created Church of England

  6. Summary: *Growing population and increase in trade led to a commercial revolution and growth of a middle class *Renaissance brought new ideas to an isolated Europe; great works of art, architecture, and literature emerged *Inventions like the printing press allowed, learning, new ideas, and beliefs to spread *Religious changes, like the Protestant schism, challenged the old order instituted by the RCC, which stimulated political and social change *Feudalism weakened, allowing nations to develop strong monarchies; some nations, however, shifted toward limited monarchies and paved the way for representative gov’ts

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