Napoleon: Reformer Or Conqueror? (1799-1815)

1. Intro: Background & “The Man” Reformer Reforms Limits Conqueror Empire Draft Coalition Fall Legacy…? Key Terms Plebiscite Concordat Napoleonic Code Lycées Conscription Russian Invasion Grand Army Napoleon: Reformer Or Conqueror?(1799-1815)

2. Announcements: Extra Credit • Friday 3/5 at 7:30: Otis Murphy (Classical Saxophonist) at Ludington Center for the Arts • Gypsy: March 12, 13; 19, 20 at 7:30; March 14 & 21 at 2:00 at Manistee’s Ramsdell Theater • WSCC students will be admitted free if they make reservations at the WSCC Box Office M-F 8-12:00 or leave a message at 843-5507 • To do: Attend the event & write a summary (one page, single-spaced, typed, 350 word) • Up to five points can be added to discussion grade

3. Plebiscite(Napoleon’s Use of “Democracy”) A direct vote by the people on a specific issue. • Napoleon overthrew the Government (1799) • 3,000,000 Approved • 3,000 Disapproved • Napoleon was named Emperor (1804) • 3,500,000 Approved • 2,600 Disapproved He used rhetoric of Revolution to “legitimize” his actions, but gave people very little choice.

4. Concordat (Between Napoleon & Pope in 1801) • France reverted back to “old” calendar. • Catholicism was the “preferred religion” of France. • Catholic Church could control primary education. • Church leaders had to take loyalty oaths to the government. Pope Pius VII • This was VERY popular in France.

5. Napoleonic Code (1804) • Established equality under the law and abolished privileges based on birth. • Individuals may choose their own occupations. • Father’s absolute authority over family was restored. French coin minted in honor of the Napoleon’s Code

6. Education Reforms • Local churches controlled primary education: open to boys & girls. • Established Lycées (high schools): public education system to train public servants. • Established university of France

7. Limits To Reforms • No Freedom of the Press (only four state-controlled newspapers in Paris by 1811). • Political opposition was crushed. • Secret Police

8. French Empire • Napoleon’s Goal: • Control all of Europe • Paris = Capital • Society based on Napoleonic Code • How to pay…? • Sold Louisiana to US for $15,000,000 • Successes… • Skilled leader • Conscription/Draft

9. Conscription/Draft(Permanent Service Was Expected) • Each community was required to provide a “quota” of soldiers to fight. • A Draft Lottery was conducted. • Those “drafted” had to serve or hire a substitute. • Demonstrates Napoleon’s TOTAL POWER!

10. Coalition Against France • A coalition was formed to fight France • Great Britain, Prussia, Austria & Russia—Spain

11. Russian Invasion(1812) • Napoleon gathered his “Grand Army” • 600,000 troops vs. 160,000 Russians • France successfully attacked in July; Russians retreated (scorched-earth policy). • French occupied Moscow, but were overextended & retreated; only 100,000 Grand Army troops remained. • MAJOR mistake & led to his downfall!

12. Assumption Cathedral-1479(Where Tsars were crowned; Napoleon kept horses here)

13. Impact of Napoleonic Invasion • 1812 Memorial Arch recognizes the defeat of Napoleon.

14. Napoleon’s Fall • France was invaded & defeated in 1814. • He returned for “100 Days” in 1815. • He died in 1821 on the Island of St. Helena.

15. Napoleon’s Legacy • His reforms created opportunity for millions. • France was devastated physically & economically; hundreds of thousands died. • Influenced modern leaders: • Used military force to gain power and backed it up with rhetoric of Revolution. Overall, was his legacy positive or negative for the people of France?

16. Intro: Background & “The Man” Reformer Reforms Limits Conqueror Empire Draft Coalition Fall Legacy…? Key Terms Plebiscite Concordat Napoleonic Code Lycées Conscription Russian Invasion Grand Army Napoleon: Reformer Or Conqueror?(1799-1815)