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Objectives

Objectives. Explain the rise of Napoleon after Robespierre. Evaluate the importance of Napoleon’s reforms. Napoleon Forges an Empire. Chapter 23 Section 3. Napoleon’s Rise to Power. Very short, but casts a long shadow Became a great military genius In four years, from 1795-1799

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Objectives

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  1. Objectives • Explain the rise of Napoleon after Robespierre. • Evaluate the importance of Napoleon’s reforms.

  2. Napoleon Forges an Empire Chapter 23 Section 3

  3. Napoleon’s Rise to Power • Very short, but casts a long shadow • Became a great military genius • In four years, from 1795-1799 • From officer in the army • Became a great military genius • To Emperor of France

  4. Napoleon Seizes Power • Hero: October 1795 • Saved the National Convention • Royalist rebels attacked the Convention. • 1796 – led army against Austria • Many victories • Becomes most famous general in all of France.

  5. Napoleon Seizes Power • Coup d'état: 1799 • Directory lost control and dissolved • Group of 3 consuls created • Napoleon – 1st consul • Plebiscite • Vote of the people • Approve new constitution • Gave real power to Napoleon

  6. Economic – Balanced the budget Better tax collection system restored bread prices Government – Dismissed corrupt officials Replaced with trained officials Based on merit Religious - Recognized and supported the church Church out of Government affairs Napoleon Restores Order

  7. Napoleon Restores Order: Napoleonic Code • Legal- • Napoleonic Code • One Code of laws for France • everyone was equal in the eyes of the law • Purpose was to reform legal code to reflect the French Revolution • Actually limited liberty • Order over rights

  8. The Influence of the Napoleonic Code Wherever it was implemented [in the conquered territories], the Code Napoleon swept away feudal property relations.

  9. Becoming Emperor • Made himself “Consul for Life” • Made himself Emperor at the Cathedral of Norte Dame

  10. Napoleon creates an Empire: The Americas • Haiti • They demanded the same privileges of Fr • Napoleon wanted to take back the colony • Restore the industry there • Expedition failed • Napoleon cut his losses • Offered to sell the Louisiana Territory • Gain $$$ • Punish the British

  11. Haitian Independence, 1792-1804 Toussaint L’Ouverture

  12. Louisiana Purchase, 1803doubled the size of the United States $15,000,000/828,800 square miles/ all or part of 14 U.S. states & 2 Canadian provinces.

  13. Napoleon creates an Empire:Europe • Already controlled Netherlands, parts of It. & Switz. • France vs. Great Britain, Russia, Austria, Prussia • France wins, and wins BIG • Signed treaties with Austria, Russia, & Prussia • Only one left: Britain • Largest Empire since Rome

  14. Objectives • Explain the fall of Napoleon. • Evaluate the 3 mistakes Napoleon made, for his demise.

  15. Napoleon’s Empire Collapses Chapter 23 Section 4

  16. Napoleon’s Loss • Battle of Trafalgar • Naval defeat • British commander split the French fleet • Two major results • British navy: best for 100 years • Napoleon gave up on invading UK • Looked for another way to get UK • Tries blockade of UK • This would lead to his downfall French British

  17. The French Empire • Huge but unstable • Maintained it for only 5 years • Quickly fell to pieces • Caused by Napoleon’s actions • The Continental System • Peninsular War • Invasion of Russia

  18. Napoleon’s Three Mistakes

  19. The Continental System • GOAL Isolate Britain and promote Napoleon’s mastery over Europe. • Milan Decree (1807) • Ships from Britain would be seized (taken). • Blockade against Britain backfires • Prevent trade between Britain & European countries • Supposed to make Europe more self-sufficient & destroy Britain’s industry • Weakened France instead

  20. Peninsular Campaign: 1807-1810 ContinentalSystem 1806: France   Spain & Portugal • Portugal did not comply with the Continental System. • France wanted Spain’s support to invade Portugal. • Spain refused = Napoleon invades Spain • Guerilla warfare in Spain = loss of many of Napoleon’s best troops. • Citizens ambushed Napoleon’s army

  21. The “Big Blunder” -- Russia • July, Napoleon led his army of 614,000 men across central Europe into Russia. • The Russians avoided a direct confrontation. • Retreated to Moscow, drawing the French into the interior of Russia • Hoped that it’s size and the weather would act as “support” for the Russian cause. • “Scorched-Earth policy” • Burned fields, slaughtered livestock • Russian nobles abandoned their estates leaving the French to operate far from their supply bases.

  22. Napoleon at Moscow Moscow On Fire! • September, 1812  Napoleon reached Moscow, but the city had been abandoned. • The Russians had set fire to the city.

  23. Coalition took advantage of weakness Defeated Napoleon Battle of Leipzig Napoleon surrendered Exiled on Elba He escaped Napoleon’s Defeat

  24. Louis XVIII is king • Not a smooth transition: • economic depression, fear, émigrés looked for revenge • Unpopular • 1815, Napoleon back 2 France = Louis flees. • The Hundred Days

  25. Battle of Waterloo - loses • British and Prussian armies crush the French • Napoleon is again forced to exile - St. Helena • Died in 1821 • After Napoleon • France brings BACK King Louis XVIII & Limited Monarchy Napoleon en-route to Final Exile -St. Helena

  26. Accomplishments of Napoleon • Napoleonic Code • Central State with Constitution • Elections with expanded suffrage • Increased access to property • Access to education • Created feelings of nationalism • Abolition of HRE lead to the creation of Germany

  27. The Congress of Vienna Congress of Vienna • Series of meetings in Vienna • Very Conservative • Wanted things to stay the same • Participants: • Austria, Russia, Britain, France • Main Goal: • create lasting peace and stability in Europe

  28. Congress of Vienna • Prevent Future aggression (Balance of Power) • Made small countries stronger • Prevents France from trying to take them over • Balance of Power: • Weakened France: surrounded France with strong countries • Not powerless • Restoring Monarchs: • wanted monarchies back • Louis XVIII back in power in France • Thought this would prevent turmoil

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