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4.7 Principles of Controlling Flooding

894. 9. 8. 5-292-2-W. 20. 5-308-2-W. 5-328-2-W. 83. 201. 84. 35. 40. 436. 5-276-0-F. 5-292-0-E. 6. 5-292-1-W. 5-344-0-J. 5-328-0-J. 3-292-2-E. 1. 5-321-1-F. 0. FULL LOAD. MIN OP. 1. 100P. 5. 20. 8. 9. 5-328-1-W. 5-308-1-W. 5-292-3-W. 201. 83. 84.

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4.7 Principles of Controlling Flooding

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  1. 894 9 8 5-292-2-W 20 5-308-2-W 5-328-2-W 83 201 84 35 40 436 5-276-0-F 5-292-0-E 6 5-292-1-W 5-344-0-J 5-328-0-J 3-292-2-E 1 5-321-1-F 0 FULL LOAD MIN OP 1 100P 5 20 8 9 5-328-1-W 5-308-1-W 5-292-3-W 201 83 84 (GREEN) - FLOODING OF GREEN SPACES WILL IMPROVE STABILITY, EVEN THOUGH FREE SURFACE EXISTS. CAPACITY-TONS SW (YELLOW) - FLOODING OF YELLOW SPACES WILL IMPROVE STABILITY IF NO FREE SURFACE EXISTS. IF SPACE IS NOT 100% FULL STABILITY WILL BE IMPAIRED. COMPARTMENT NUMBER (PINK) - FLOODING OF PINK SPACES WILL DECREASE STABILITY BECAUSE OF ADDED HIGH WEIGHT, FREE SURFACE EFFECT OR BOTH. LIGHTSHIP INCLINING MOMENTS FT-T (WHITE) - FLOODING OF WHITE SPACES HAS NO APPRECIABLE EFFECT ON STABILITY. 4.7 Principles of Controlling Flooding

  2. References • NSTM 079 Volume 1 • NTTP 3-20.31 • Damage Control Book, section II (a) • OPNAV P-03C-01-89, Cold Weather Handbook for Surface Ships

  3. Enabling Objectives • Flooding Effects / Liquid Loading Diagrams • Damage Control Book Specifics • Weight / Moment Compensation • Case Studies • Stability Report • Procedures to Control Flooding

  4. 8 20 5-308-2-W 5-328-2-W 83 201 84 35 40 436 5-292-0-E 5-292-1-W 5-344-0-J 5-328-0-J 3-292-2-E 5-321-1-F 1 0 1 100P 5 20 5-250-0-E 5-328-1-W 201 215S 894 9 5-292-2-W 5-276-0-F 6 8 9 5-308-1-W 5-292-3-W 83 84 (GREEN) - FLOODING OF GREEN SPACES WILL IMPROVE STABILITY, EVEN THOUGH FREE SURFACE EXISTS. CAPACITY-TONS SW (YELLOW) - FLOODING OF YELLOW SPACES WILL IMPROVE STABILITY IF NO FREE SURFACE EXISTS. IF SPACE IS NOT 100% FULL STABILITY WILL BE IMPAIRED. COMPARTMENT NUMBER (PINK) - FLOODING OF PINK SPACES WILL DECREASE STABILITY BECAUSE OF ADDED HIGH WEIGHT, FREE SURFACE EFFECT OR BOTH. INCLINING MOMENTS FT-T (WHITE) - FLOODING OF WHITE SPACES HAS NO APPPRECIABLE EFFECT ON STABILITY.

  5. 1.0 20 5-328-2-W +2 -1 30 0 27 0 5-344-0-J 5-328-0-J +4 -3 +3 -2 20 1.0 5-328-1-W +2 -1 0.5 9 0.4 8 5-292-2-W 5-308-2-W 0 +1 +1 0 0.5 8 0.4 9 5-308-1-W 5-292-3-W +1 0 +1 0 CLEAN BALLAST CAPACITY-TONS LIST POTABLE WATER COMPARTMENT NUMBER JP-5 CHANGE IN DRAFTFWD - INCHES CHANGE IN DRAFTAFT - INCHES

  6. 18” BASE TAPPERING TO 4” 3” 4” 18” TOP, INBOARD 8” OUTBOARD 4” 4” 4” 10” TOP, FORWARD 8” SIDES, 4” AFT 4” 4” 4” 4” 4” 10” 1” Intact Stability with Ice • Conditions Conducive to Icing • Ship Ballasting Plan for Topside Icing • Outboard Profile View showing ice accumulations

  7. Notice 12’’ of ice accumulation on hull…

  8. ICING VIDEO

  9. • Status I: No displacement or Stability problems • Status II: Deficient in both margins • Status III: Deficient in KG margin • Status IV: Deficient in displacement margin WEIGHT AND MOMENT COMPENSATION PROGRAM

  10. “Intentionally Left Blank”

  11. “Intentionally Left Blank”

  12. LIMITATIONS • Follow Liquid Loading Instructions • No Abnormal Topside Weights • Don’t Submerge Limiting Draft Marks • Maintain Watertight Integrity

  13. LIMITATIONS • Follow Liquid Loading Instructions • No Abnormal Topside Weights • Don’t Submerge Limiting Draft Marks • Maintain Watertight Integrity

  14. LIMITATIONS • Follow Liquid Loading Instructions • No Abnormal Topside Weights • Don’t Submerge Limiting Draft Marks • Maintain Watertight Integrity

  15. DID NOT FOLLOW LIQUID LOADING INSTRUCTIONS PRIOR TO ONLOAD…

  16. Liquid Loading LessonsAO-177 Class Oiler

  17. Liquid Loading LessonsAO-177 Class Oiler • Standard Unwritten "Tradition" of trimming 4–8 feet bow–down prior to UNREP • During UNREP ballasted bow–down by eight feet. • During SAR ops, fwd weather deck was continuously covered with two feet of water

  18. Liquid Loading LessonsAO-177 Class Oiler • During SAR ops: Draft fwd = >38 feet Draft aft = 30 feet • DC Book States: 1. "Trim > one foot by the bow may decrease Stability." 2. "Limiting draft of 35 feet shall not be exceeded at bow or stern."

  19. Liquid Loading LessonsAO-177 Class Oiler • Ship's Policy: No formal trim reports to CO after ballasting or deballasting • Ship not retrimmed until 10 hours after UNREP secured DAMAGE: $200K when main deck caved in due to weight of topside water

  20. Liquid Loading LessonsAOR-1 Class

  21. Liquid Loading LessonsAOR-1 Class • Ammunition download and refueling of CV • Ballasting of AOR–1 not conducted soon enough – excessive rolling • Drafts after download / refueling: Fwd: 22 ftMid: 26 ft Aft: 34 ft AP MP FP 26' 34' 22'

  22. Liquid Loading LessonsAOR-1 Class • Ship's hull in severe hogging and trim condition • DC Book permits: "...no more than 3.7 ft difference between the bow and stern." • Ship's policy was not to ballast cargo tanks unless a "serious" (undefined) condition existed. DAMAGE: $600K of ordnance lost over the side because of excessive rolling.

  23. Liquid Loading LessonsAD-41 • Destroyer Tender completing ROH scheduled to conduct sea trials • Full speed / full rudder turn required to test steering gear • Anticipated return to shipyard following sea trials

  24. Liquid Loading LessonsAD-41 • LIQUID LOAD: Diesel Fuel 23 % Potable Water 86 % Feed Water 98 % • DRAFTS: Fwd: 15' 3" Aft: 23' 2" Trim: 7' 11" by stern

  25. Liquid Loading LessonsAD-41 • DISPLACEMENT: Lightship 13,400 LT At incident 16,300 LT Min OP Cond 18,400 LT

  26. Liquid Loading LessonsAD-41 • Ship speed: 20+ KTS • Wind: NW 30–35 KTS, Gusts to 40 KTS • Waves: 3–6 FT • Anticipated heel < 20 degrees at full rudder

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