1 / 110

Respiratory Part 2

Influenza, or the flu, is a highly contagious viral infection affecting millions annually. It presents with rapid onset symptoms such as chills, fever, cough, and muscle aches. The elderly are particularly vulnerable to severe complications. Effective vaccination can reduce flu incidence, especially among high-risk groups. Understanding the modes of transmission, typical symptoms, and preventive measures, such as hand hygiene and respiratory etiquette, is crucial for managing outbreaks and protecting public health.

cormac
Télécharger la présentation

Respiratory Part 2

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Respiratory Part 2 Medical Surgical Nursing

  2. Influenza • AKA • Flu • Highly contagious • Pathogen • Viral • Epidemic • Rapid and extensive spreading infection and affecting many individuals in an area or a population at the same time

  3. FYI • Influenza & its complications (primarily bacterial pneumonia) are the 8th leading cause of death in the US. • @60,000 year

  4. H1N1 • Newly identified stain •  Pandemic • (World-wide epidemic)

  5. Mode of transmission • Airborne droplet • Direct contact

  6. Influenza Statistics • Incubation period • Short • Onset • Rapid • Duration • Up to a week

  7. Influenza: S&S (local) • Runny nose • Sore throat • Cough • Dry • Non-productive  productive • Substernal burning

  8. Influenza: S&S (systemic) • Chills & fever • H/A • Malaise • Muscle aches • Fatigue & weakness

  9. Older adults • Higher risk of • Complications • Pneumonia • Death

  10. Why are older adult more susceptible to complications of influenza? • Cilia • i • Chest muscle strength • i • Chest wall • Stiffer • Cough • Less effective

  11. Assessment • S&S • Vital Signs

  12. IDT • “Most URI’s are self-limiting”

  13. IDT • Self-care • Symptomatic relief • Prevent complications • Prevent spread

  14. Dx test • Throat swab • R/O streptococci • CBC • WBC normal • Vial • WBC increased • Bacterial • Chest x-ray • R/O pneumonia

  15. Flu Vaccine: Is it effective? • Polyvalent influenza virus vaccine • 85% effective

  16. Flu Vaccine: Who should get it? • Age >50 years • Nursing home residents • Pg women • Chronically ill • Immunosuppressed • Resp. conditions • Healthcare workers • Fam. members of those at risk

  17. Flu Vaccine: Who should not get it? • Allergic to eggs

  18. Small Group Questions • What pathogen is assoc. with flu? • Identify 5 S&S of the flu • What type of isolation would you use for a client with the flu • Mary asks you if she should get the flu vaccine, how do you respond? • What priority nursing diagnosis would you give for a person with the flu?

  19. Which of the following nursing interventions is appropriate after a client has had a bronchoscopy? • Report abnormal lab values • Lay flat for 8 hours with a sand bag to the puncture site • NPO until gag reflex returns • Push fluids

  20. Tuberculosis • AKA • TB

  21. Tuberculosis - FYI • Causes more death than any other disease. 2 billion world wide, 15 million in the US

  22. Tuberculosis - FYI • When treated, about 90% of those with active TB survive!

  23. Tuberculosis • Pathophysiology • Mycrobacterium tuberculosis • Tubercle bacillus

  24. Tuberculosis Pathophysiology • Mode of transmission • Air-borne •  alveoli • Multiplies in alveoli

  25. Tuberculosis • Immune response phase • Macrophages attack TB • TB has waxy cell wall that protects it from macrophages • Immune system surrounds the infected macrophages • Forms a Lesion • Called a Tubercle

  26. Tuberculosis • Dormant phase • Contagious? • No • Symptomatic? • No • PPD? • positive • chest x-ray? • Negative

  27. Tuberculosis • Active phase • If an infected person has a weakened immune system,  • the TB escapes and infects the body

  28. Tuberculosis • 5-10% become active • Only contagious when active • Primarily affect lungs but… • Kidneys • Liver • Brain • Bone

  29. Tuberculosis Etiology • Assoc. w/ • Poverty • Malnutrition • Overcrowding • Substandard housing • Inadequate health care • Elderly • HIV • Prison

  30. Tuberculosis: S&S (active phase) • NOC sweats • Low grade fever • Wt loss • Chronic productive cough • Rust colored & thick • Hemoptysis • SOB

  31. Tuberculosis: Dx test • PPD • Mantoux skin test • > 10mm in diameter • induration • Indicates: • Latent TB • Read • 48-72 after • Intradermal: • 15-degrees

  32. Tuberculosis • Diagnostic tests • X-ray • Symptoms • Acid Fast Bacillus

  33. Tuberculosis: Tx / Rx • INH • isonicotinyl hydrazine • Isoniazid • Toxic to the liver • Rifampin • Turns urine red

  34. Tuberculosis: Prevention • Clean well ventilated living areas • Resp. isolation • Negative pressure room • If exposed take • INH

  35. Tuberculosis: complication • Malnutrition • S/E of Rx treatment • Multi-drug resistance • Spread of TB infection

  36. Small Group Questions • What type of pathogen is TB? • What is the mode of transmission? • What are the classic S&S of TB ? • How to administer and read a PPD? • If a pt is PPD +, what does that mean?

  37. Small Group Questions • What is the standard screening method of TB? • That medications are used to treat TB, what are their side effects? • Where in the US is TB most prevalent? Why?

  38. COPD - overview COPD? • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Broad classifications of diseases

  39. COPDCharacteristics • Airflow limitation • Irreversible • Dyspnea on exertion • Progressive • Abn. inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles or gases

  40. Pathophysiology • Noxious particles of gas • Inflammatory response  • Narrowing of airway

  41. Pathophysiology • Inflammation  • Thickening of the wall of the pulmonary capillaries

  42. COPD • Includes • Emphysema • Chronic bronchitis • Does not include • Asthma

  43. COPD - FYI • COPD 4th leading cause of death in the US • 12th leading cause of disability • Death from COPD is on the rise while death from heart disease is going down

  44. COPD: Risk Factors • Smoking • Passive smoking • Occupational exposure • Air pollution

  45. COPD risk factors • #1 • Smoking • Why is smoking so bad?? • ↓ phagocytes • ↓ cilia function • ↑ mucus production

  46. Chronic Bronchitis • Disease of the airway • Definition: • cough + sputum production • > 3 months

  47. Chronic Bronchitis Pathophysiology • Pollutant irritates airway  • Inflammation • h secretion of mucus  • Bronchial walls thicken  • Lumen narrows • plugs

  48. Chronic Bronchitis • Alveoli/bronchioles become damaged • ↑ susceptibility to LRI

  49. Emphysema: Pathophysiology • Affects alveolar membrane • Destruction of alveolar wall • Loss of elastic recoil • Over distended alveoli

  50. Emphysema Pathophysiology • Over distended alveoli • Damage to adjacent pulmonary capillaries • Impaired passive expiration

More Related