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Workflow Analysis

Workflow Analysis. Describes how work is done when several people are involved Coarsest level of granularity Provides an overview. Workflow Analysis. Professor records grades, gives to secretary. Secretary collates all grades from professors, sends to registrars office.

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Workflow Analysis

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  1. Workflow Analysis • Describes how work is done when several people are involved • Coarsest level of granularity • Provides an overview

  2. Workflow Analysis • Professor records grades, gives to secretary. • Secretary collates all grades from professors, sends to registrars office. • Registers office records receipt of grads, sends them to Information services. • Clerk transfers grades into database. • Operator prints grades for each student. • Postal machine operator stuffs envelops and stamps them. • Transportation person takes all letters to Post Office.

  3. Job Analysis • Focuses on a what a single person does in the course of a day, week, or month • Looks at all tasks a single person does

  4. Job Analysis Example, Receptionist: • Call Security to get parking permit for visitor. • Schedule a meeting with prospective client. • Refer incoming calls to customer service. • Call for copier service. • Check inventory of office supplies.

  5. Task List • More detailed look at Job Analysis • Focuses on one component of job • One task and how it is broken down • important to be consistent of level of detail • Reasonable number of tasks

  6. Task Sequences • Establish order in which tasks are performed Example: • Write letter • Address the envelope • Put letter in envelope • Place stamp on envelope

  7. Task Sequences • Order can be different Example: • Address the envelope • Write letter • Place stamp on envelope • Put letter in envelope

  8. Task Sequences • Sequences can be constrained because: • Physical Realities • Tradition

  9. Task Hierarchies • Document the components of a task, called sub-tasks • Can show how sub-tasks are compriased of actions • Level of detail is dependent on type of site

  10. Task Hierarchy

  11. Procedural Analysis • Contains the most detail • Depicts individual steps of tasks • Shows flow of control • Considers constraint of user interface • Shows how users carry out tasks

  12. Procedural Analysis

  13. Environmental Analysis • Considers local of usr with using site • Typically home or office • Could be: • outdoors (information kiosk) • factory floor • Extreme weather • handheld device

  14. Observing and listening to users • Discussed what you need to consider • How did you gather required information?

  15. Observing and listening to users • Thinking aloud • Talk Right After • Role Playing • Cueing Recall • Other Techniques

  16. Thinking aloud • Running commentary on users work as they perform it • Encourage users to explain what they are doing and why • Keep the user talking

  17. Talk Right After • If user cannot talk talk while performing job: customer service • Ask user about job once they have time to talk • Perform remotely

  18. Role Playing • Find out about infrequent tasks • Scenario-base approach • Pretend to be a user • Not as credible • Not as useful

  19. Cueing Recall with videotape • Useful when do not want to interfere with user • Record user’s activities with camera • Review tape with user, ask about tasks

  20. Other techniques • Focus groups • Mailed surveys

  21. Recruiting Users • Where to find users? • Primary access from site’s customers, users, clients • Other sources….

  22. Employment Agencies • Good source of end users • Can request certain types of users • Expect to pay • Might get biased users

  23. Market Research Firms • Finds specific type of users • No expectation of job • Can be expensive • Less concern about biasing users

  24. Other Possibilities • College campuses • Newspaper advertisement • Customer lists • User Groups

  25. How Many Users? • Depends on what you need to learn • Size of site • Number of unique user types • Enough for breath of representation • Might be a moving target

  26. Usability Specifications • Answers: How good is a web site? • Defines the means to measure the success of a site • Used during evaluation phase of development lift cycle • Helps define what to look for

  27. Usability Specifications Two categories of specifications: • Qualitative • Quantitative

  28. Quantitative Specifications • Performance measure • Quantifiable measure: expressed as numbers • Directly observable • Directly measurable Example: • Time to complete a task • Number of tasks completed • Number of errors committed

  29. Qualitative Specifications • Preference measure • User’s opinion • Not directly observable Examples: • First Impression • Ease of use • long-term satisfaction

  30. Qualitative Specifications • How to measure? • Likert scale: means to quantify preference Example:

  31. Usability Specifications More usability specification examples: • Usability Software • Bohmann Usability Specifications

  32. Usability Specifications Software for Usability

  33. Memory • Role of memory in usability • Based on model of human memory:

  34. Memory • Short-Term memory is small • Long-Term memory stores large amount but fallible

  35. Memory • Chunking • Break large data into smaller more recallable chunks • SSN vs Drivers license number • URL Design

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