1 / 29

Mediastinum and Diaphragm

Mediastinum and Diaphragm . Dr. A. S. PITAKE Department of Anatomy USM-KLE IMP. Thoracic Mediastinum : is septum or space between two lungs(pleural sacs) . Boundaries . Superiorly : thoracic inlet Inferiorly :diaphragm

cosmo
Télécharger la présentation

Mediastinum and Diaphragm

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Mediastinum and Diaphragm Dr. A. S. PITAKE Department of Anatomy USM-KLE IMP

  2. Thoracic Mediastinum : is septum or space between two lungs(pleural sacs)

  3. Boundaries • Superiorly : thoracic inlet • Inferiorly :diaphragm • In the sides: lungs with mediastinal surfaces of pleura • Infront : sternum • Behind : T1to T12 vertebrae with IVD

  4. Sub divisions: A)superior B) Inferior : 1)Anterior 2 ) Middle 3) Posterior

  5. Superior mediastinum • Superiorly:Thoracic inlet • Inferioly :Plane at sternal angle &lower border ofT4 In front : Manubrium sternum • Behind : T1to T4 vertebrae &IVD

  6. Contents of sup mediastinum • Divided into :Three • 1)Retrosternal • a) Thymus gland • b)sternothyroid& • sternohyoid muscle • c)Rt & Lt bracheocephalic vein • d) superior vena cava

  7. 2)Intermediate : • a)Arch of Aorta • b)Phrenic,vagus,cardiac nerves 3)Prevertebral :a)Trachea • b)Oesophagus • c)Thoracic duct • d)Lt recurrent laryngeal nerve • e)Origin of longus coli

  8. Anterior mediastinum • Boundaries • Superiorly:imaginary • plane • Inferiorly :diaphragm • Anteriorly :sternal • body • Poteriorly :pericardium

  9. Contents of ant mediastinum • 1)Superior sterno pericardial ligament • 2)Inferior sterno pericardial ligament • 3) Loose areolar tissue • 4)Retrosternal lymph nodes • 5)Mediastinalbrs of internal thoracic artery

  10. Middle mediastinum most widest & largest sub division Boundaries: It is occupied mainly by heart & pericardium , limited on each side by mediastinal pleura

  11. Contents of middle mediastinum • 1)Pericardium & heart • 2)Four pulmonary veins • 3)superior vena cava • 4)Arch of azygous vein • 5 )Tracheal bifurcation • 6)Lt & Rt bronchi • 7)Cardiac plexus of nerves • 8)Phrenic nerves • 9)Tracheobronchial Lymph nodes

  12. Posterior mediastinum longest of sub divisions • Boundaries Superiorly: imaginary plane Inferiorly : diaphragm Anteriorly : tracheal bifurcation,pericardium pulmonary vessels,diaphragm Poteriorly :lower, T5 to T12 &IVD

  13. Contents of posterior mediastinum Longitudinal structures- Oesophagus,Descending thoracic aorta,azygous and hemi azygous veins, thoracic duct,vagusnerve,splanchnic nerves. Transverse structures-Termination of accessory hemiazygousand hemiazygousvein,deviation of thoracic duct,posterior intercostal arteries and veins.

  14. Diaphragm • It is chief muscle of respiration Definition-It is a dome shaped musculoaponeuroticpartition, which intervenes b/w the thorax and the abdomen. • It covers thoracic outlet

  15. Origin of diaphragm Divided into three Sternal-Two slips from back of the xiphoid process Costal- inner surface of the lower six ribs and their costal cartilages. Vertebral- From right and left crura,right is longer than left and arises from the front of the bodies and intervertebral disc of upper three lumbar vertebrae. Left-crus- arises from bodies and intervertebral discs of upper two lumbar vertebrae. Both the crura are connected in the median plane by a Median arcuateligament.

  16. Diaphragm origin It also arises from pair of medial &lateral arcuate ligaments ligaments

  17. Insertion of diaphragm • Inserted into central tendon

  18. Opening in diaphragm

  19. Details of major opening • Aortic : • Level - T12 • Structures –abd aorta ,thoracic duct ,azygous vein • Oesophageal : • Level –T10 • Structures –oesophagus,vagaltrunks,brs of left gastric artery &lymphatics • Vena caval: • Level –T8 • Structures –vena cava ,brs of Rt phrenic nerve

  20. Blood supply 1)Musculo-phrenic and pericardiophrenic arteries are the branches of the internal thoracic artery. 2)Lower 5 or 6 Posterior intercostal arteries. 3)Superior phrenic artery, is a branch from descending thoracic aorta. 4)Inferior phrenic arteries branches from abdominal aorta. All the veins corresponds to artery and drains into systemic veins.

  21. Nerve supply Motor supply-phrenic nerve( c3,c4,c5) Sensory supply- Central part from phrenic nerves & peripheral part by lower 6-7 intercostal nerves. Sympathetic supply- From coeliac plexus to maintain the tone of the diaphragm.

  22. Actions • It is a chief muscle of inspiration. when it contracts the ribs are fixed , vault of diaphragm descends , vertical diameter of thorax increases. • Helps in reflex actions like parturation,cough,micturation,vomiting etc. • Created pressure on vein , which increases the venous return.

  23. Applied anatomy • 1)Hic cough • 2)Reffered pain • 3)Paralysis of diaphragm • 4)Hernias

More Related