1. Basic Hand Tools ELT COLLISION REPAIR

2. Goals • identify and describe use of common hand tools • identify and describe use of vices and clamps • identify and describe use of selected specialty tools • describe safe use of tools • describe maintenance and storage of tools

4. ¼ Inch Drive • Available in 6 or 12 point sockets • Shallow, semi-deep and deep sockets available • Maximum torque range is approx. 20 ft lbs.

5. 3/8 Drive • Sockets come in 6 and 12 point varieties • Shallow, semi deep, and deep sockets • Maximum torque range is approx. 60 ft lbs.

6. Universals • Come in all sizes, ¼, 3/8, and ½” • Impact or chrome finish • Allow access to difficult to reach fasteners

7. Sockets • Shallow • Semi-deep • Deep • 6 point • 12 point • Impact • Chrome

8. Sockets • Available in shallow, semi-deep and deep configurations • Impact or chrome finish • 6, 8, or 12 point types

9. Identify Basic Hand Tools

10. Wrenches • Top quality wrenches are forged from fine-grade tool steel, machined to close tolerances, hardened and tempered for long service life. • Types include open-end, box- end, combination box/open end, adjustable, socket and locking grip styles.

11. Box open Double open ended Double box end

12. Offset wrench 40°

13. 6 and 12 point ends • See how much greater flexibility a 12 point box end gives the operator • 12 point gives the advantage of moving the fastener in 30° degree increments as opposed to 60° for the 6 point

14. Box-end Wrenches • Made to grip all sides of nut or bolt head • Prevents slippage • Must be slipped over the end of nut or bolt-head • Box end wrenches will normally have two different sizes per wrench • Size of wrench refers to nut or bolt head dimensions

15. Box-end Wrenches • Available as 6 or12 point design • 6 point gives better grip • 12 point gives more versatility as it is only required to turn 300 to its next available position while 6 point must turn 600 • Available as ratchet design

17. Open-end wrenches • do not provide as strong a grip as a box-ended wrench • slip on the nut or bolt head from the side • two flat surfaces parallel to each other hold onto parallel sides of nut or bolt-head • tend to slip or round the corners if too much pressure is required • easier to use most instances

18. Wrench angle may vary from 15-80 degrees Wrench will have two different sizes listed on the handle Double Open End

20. Combination Wrench • box end on one end and open end on the other • both ends will usually be the same size • gives the advantage of wrench that will not slip as easily to start a nut, but one that is easier to slide on and off the nut once it has been loosened

22. Adjustable Wrench • (crescent wrench) • has provision for adjusting the opening for different size nuts or bolt heads • length of wrench will correspond with jaw capacity • do not use where components are tight and will require sizeable force to break them free

23. Adjustable Wrench • unless jaw is tightened to nut, etc, there is potential for slipping on fastener, which will usually damage fastener • do not use on brass or soft material

24. Adjustable Wrench • for light loads can be used in either direction • greatest strength is with pressure being applied to side of wrench with fixed jaw • adjustment mechanism should be cleaned periodically and lightly oiled

26. Tubing Wrench • half way between a box-end and combination wrench • designed to grab on five of the six sides of a fitting • especially designed for used on line fittings • always use for brass and copper fittings • less chance of damage to fitting

28. Socket Wrench • come in a great variety • designed to fit around the fastener and give force to all sides • will fit into recesses • have swivel attachments • deep sockets where longer number of threads are showing

31. Socket Wrench • different number of points available • 4 and 8 point sockets are designed for 4 sided fasteners • 6 and 12 point sockets are designed for 6 sided fasteners • 4 and 6 point sockets will be stronger because of the amount of metal

32. Socket Wrench • two types of construction - regular and impact • impact sockets are designed for use with impact wrenches • thicker walls and heavier construction allow them to absorb the shock of an impact gun • impact sockets are not chrome plated as the plating may crack and flake off • never use regular sockets with impact tool

33. Socket Wrench • sockets attach to a handle with a square drive • common drive sizes range from 1/4” to 3/4” • drive handle are the same for both metric and imperial • several types of handles available • flex handle, ratchet, speed • many adapters available • extensions, u-joints etc.

38. Pipe Wrench • used for turning pipe and other round objects • teeth on the jaw will dig into the the material being tightened and may damage it • do not use a pipe wrench to turn a bolt or a nut unless the components is already damaged • do no use on hardened surfaces - may dull or chip the jaw teeth

40. Hexagon Key Wrench(Allen Wrench) • Six sides - L-shaped • fit into a hexagon hole in a Allen screw • available as imperial or metric • sized according to distance between parallel sides • available as socket style wrenches

41. Hexagon Key Wrench(Allen Wrench) • use the short end of the wrench on the screw for breaking loose or final tightening • use the long end of the wrench in the screw to spin the tools quickly for fast removal and install of allen screw • Allen screws usually need to be only released one or two turns to loosen the part they are holding

44. Maintaining Wrenches • Keep clean - dirty wrenches can slip and cause damage and contamination of the work piece • Always use the correct size and type of wrench for the job • Do not use a hammer on a wrench • Do not use a pipe or other means of extending a wrench for greater leverage

45. Maintaining Wrenches (cont’d) • Adjustable wrenches and pipe wrenches should be cleaned and lightly oiled • Do not use a wrench as a hammer • Do not use a socket as a bushing driver • Hexagon or Allen wrenches can be reconditioned when the tip becomes damaged • Grind back to obtain a true hexagon shape

46. Maintaining Wrenches (cont’d) • Hexagon or Allen wrenches can be reconditioned when the tip becomes damaged • Grind back to obtain a true hexagon size and shape • Keep cool during grinding to avoid removing temper

47. Pliers • pliers available as many different types and sizes • used for holding, gripping, cutting, and crimping • usually forged from hardened steel and then machined

48. Slip-joint Pliers • most common general purpose pliers • adjusted to two size of jaw openings • jaws have hardened cross teeth to help in gripping the object • jaws can damage soft materials • never use pliers for turning nuts or bolts • teeth will round off corners and damage bolt or nut