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Chapter 13

Chapter 13. Lubrication. Objectives. Analyze wear and damage to lubrication system parts Explain lubrication system theory Select and perform most appropriate repairs to lubrication system. Oil. Used to reduce friction Prevents internal engine components from rubbing against each other

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Chapter 13

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  1. Chapter 13 Lubrication

  2. Objectives • Analyze wear and damage to lubrication system parts • Explain lubrication system theory • Select and perform most appropriate repairs to lubrication system

  3. Oil • Used to reduce friction • Prevents internal engine components from rubbing against each other • Partial breakdown of lubricating film is known as boundary lubrication

  4. Viscosity • Resistance of an oil to roll and flow • Measurement of an oil’s thickness is also called weight • When a “W” accompanies the rating • Oil’s viscosity has been tested at 0 degrees • Means that it is a winter blend

  5. Oil Service Ratings • API • Ratings progress SA through SM • SM is the latest rating • “S” means the oil is for engine with spark ignition • Diesel engine oil is rated from CA through CI • “C” stands for compression ignition

  6. Oil Service Ratings • Diesel engine oil is rated from CA through CI • “C” stands for compression ignition

  7. Deterioration of Oil • Oil never wears out • Becomes diluted with unburned fuel and water

  8. Deterioration of Oil • 100 gallons of burned gasoline produce • 90 to 120 gallons of water • 3 to 10 gallons of unburned fuel • 2 pounds of soot • 1 pound of resins and varnishes • 1 to 4 pounds of nitrogen and sulfur acids • 1 to 2 ounces of hydrochloric acid

  9. Oil Additives • Detergents • Antioxidants • Antiwear additives • Pour point depressants • Corrosion inhibitors • Antifoam additives • Friction modifiers

  10. Oil Additives

  11. Synthetic Oils • 1930s • Compared to conventional oils • Outstanding low temperature characteristics • Better viscosity index • Increased fuel economy and power • Higher priced • Oil change frequency is less

  12. Oil Pumps • Driven by camshaft or crankshaft • Three types of pumps • External gear • Rotor • Internal and external gear • Cast iron pumps are better than aluminum because they wear less

  13. Oil Pumps

  14. Oil Pressure • Normal oil pressure at idle • About 25 psi • Low oil pressure • Indicates excessive bearing clearance or a worn pump • High oil pressure • Pressure relief valve stuck in closed position

  15. Oil Pump Failure • Wear or seize • Improper engine maintenance • Debris from broken or failed engine parts • Hex drive shaft twists off because foreign material enters pump • Seals and o-rings wear and deteriorate

  16. Oil Pump Failure

  17. Installing Oil Pump • Check relief valve operation • Retorque pump cover to specifications • Ensure pump is properly aligned before bolting on • Damage can occur

  18. Installing Oil Pump

  19. Priming the System • Use priming tool hooked to an electric drill • Insert priming tool into oil pump • Drive tool slowly in direction of distributor rotation • After pressure builds • Rotate crankshaft one complete rotation • Prime system once more

  20. Pressure Priming • Uses air pressure to push oil through system • Used to locate excessive leakage from bearings • Also to flush oil galleries during an in car engine repair

  21. Pressure Priming

  22. Filter Bypass Valve • Bypass valve opens: • Under heavy flow • When the oil is cold and thick • When the filter becomes plugged due to poor maintenance

  23. Changing the Filter • Use a filter wrench only to remove the filter • Never to tighten it • Oil rubber sealing ring on the base of the filter before installing it • Ensure o-ring is in place on filter • Tighten filter by hand only

  24. Testing PCV System • Pull valve from its mounting • With engine running • Cover end of valve with thumb

  25. Testing PCV System • Engine RPM should drop 50 to 80 rpm • With engine running and pcv installed • Should have vacuum at rocker cover oil filler opening • With engine stopped • PCV should rattle when shaken

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