warlords – military leaders who run a government

Section 1 Vocabulary warlords – military leaders who run a government Korea – country NE of China- broke away from China to create their own civilization Wendi – general who reunited China by force and founded the Sui dynasty economy – organized way people produce, sell and purchase things reform – changes that bring improvements Empress Wu – forceful leader who added more govt. officials and strengthened China’s military monasteries – place where Buddhist monks and nuns live Grand Canal – system of waterways that links the Chang Jiang (Yangtze River) and Huang He (Yellow River). Civil service exam – test used to hire govt. officials

Section 1 Notes Rebuilding China’s Empire The Sui and Tang dynasties reunited and rebuilt China after years of war. Han dynasty The Han dynasty ended in 220 A.D. and for the next 300 years China has no central govt. Instead it was made up of 17 kingdoms. War and poverty were everywhere. While China was fighting w/each other for control, some of their conquered groups (like Korea) broke away and became their own civilization.

Section 1 Notes Rebuilding China’s Empire Sui dynasty China reunited in A.D. 581 under General Wendi who founded the Sui dynasty. Wendi won battle after battle and reunited China by force. After General Wendi died his son, Yangdi, took over. He built the Grand Canal and rebuilt the Great Wall. The Grand Canal was an important route for shipping between North and South China and helped unite China’s economy. Sui dynasty accomplishments:

Section 1 Notes Rebuilding China’s Empire • Why Sui dynasty fell: • Yangdi’s rebuilding projects placed a lot of stress on the Chinese people. • Farmers forced to work • People had to pay high taxes for projects • People became so angry they revolted. Yangdi was killed and the Sui dynasty ended.

Section 1 Notes Rebuilding China’s Empire Tang dynasty • One of Yangdi’s generals took control in A.D. 618 and founded the Tang dynasty. It lasted for about 300 years. The capital was Chang’an. • Tang rulers strengthened China govt. and did a number of reforms: • Restoring civil service exam • Gave land to farmers • Empress Wu (only woman to rule) ruled during the Tang dynasty

Section 1 Notes Rebuilding China’s Empire Tang dynasty • Tang dynasty accomplishments: • Regained much of power in Asia • Expanded territory into central Asia • Took control of Silk Road • Forced Korea to pay tribute (taxes) • Took control of N. Vietnam

Section 1 Notes Rebuilding China’s Empire Tang dynasty • Why Tang dynasty fell: • Turks drove Tang army out of Central Asia and took control of Silk Road damaging China’s economy ($) • Farmers began to revolt

Section 1 Notes Rebuilding China’s Empire Song dynasty For 50 years military leaders ruled China then one general became emperor and started Song dynasty Song dynasty was time of prosperity and cultural achievement.

Section 1 Notes Rebuilding China’s Empire Song dynasty One major problem the Song dynasty faced was not having enough soldiers to keep control over the large empire. For safety the capital was moved south to Hangzhou.

Section 1 Notes Buddhism in China Buddhism became popular in China and then spread to Korea and Japan Traders and missionaries from India brought Buddhism to China about A.D. 150 at the end of the Han dynasty. At this time people were dying from war and starvation. The Chinese people were suffering.

Section 1 Notes Buddhism in China Buddhism taught that people could escape suffering by following its principles. People wanted peace and comfort so they converted to Buddhism. Tang dynasty rulers were not Buddhist but they allowed and supported Buddhism in China. Buddhist monasteries offered schooling, gave food and boarding for travelers, gave medical care and served as bankers

Section 1 Notes Buddhism Some people were against Buddhism because: • Monasteries accepted donations • They thought monks and nuns weakened respect for family since they could not marry • Buddhism was growing in power In A.D. 845 the Tang dynasty had many Buddhist monasteries and temples destroyed. The Tang and Song rulers brought Confucianism back into favor with the people of China.

Section 1 Notes Buddhism Buddhism in Korea and Japan In A.D. 300 Chinese Buddhists brought Buddhism to Korea. Buddhism had govt. support and grew strong in Korea. Japan soon embraced Buddhism too.

Section 1 Notes Neo-Confucianism Tang dynasty supported Neo-Confucianism to help reduce Buddhism’s popularity. It taught that life in this world was just as important as the afterlife. For many Chinese Neo-Confucianism became more than a set of rules to follow. It became a way to find peace of mind and live in harmony with nature. The Tang and Song dynasties based their civil service exam on Confucian writings. Neo-Confucianism helped create scholar officials- a new social class in China

Section 1 Notes Civil Service Exam Tang and Song dynasties hired govt. officials based on the civil service exam. People got govt. jobs based on their ability and not on who they know or $. The exam was based on Confucianism. They were supposed to be fair but only men could take the exam and only rich could afford to prepare their sons for the test.

Section 1 Notes ? Why was Buddhism so popular in China

Section 1 Notes ? What did Neo-Confucianism teach

warlords – military leaders who run a government