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LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS THE CARIBBEAN PART 2: SEVERE WINDSTORMS

LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS THE CARIBBEAN PART 2: SEVERE WINDSTORMS. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA . Natural Phenomena that Cause Disasters. Planet Earth’s atmospheric-hydrospheric interactions create situations favorable for

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LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS THE CARIBBEAN PART 2: SEVERE WINDSTORMS

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  1. LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERSTHE CARIBBEANPART 2: SEVERE WINDSTORMS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA 

  2. Natural Phenomena that Cause Disasters Planet Earth’s atmospheric-hydrospheric interactions create situations favorable for SEVERE WINDSTORMS

  3. NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN THE CARIBBEAN BASIN FLOODS GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES WINDSTORMS EARTHQUAKES HIGH BENEFIT/COST PROGRAMS FOR BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRAD-ATION GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

  4. THE CARIBBEAN BASIN

  5. The Caribbean:long referred to as the West Indies, includes more than 7,000 islands; of these, 13 are independent island countries

  6. ISLANDS POSSESSING MINOR VOLCANIC FEATURES • Aruuba, Barbados, Bahamas, Bonaire, Cayman Islands, Saint Croix, and Antigua

  7. ISLANDS POSSESSING RUGGED MOUNTAIN RANGES • Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, ,Dominica, Montserrat, Saba, Saint Kitts, Saint Lucia, Saint Thomas, Saint John, Tortola, Grenada, Saint Vincent, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Trinidad and Tobago

  8. PAST HURRICANE SEASONS NOTE: The number and intensity of storms vary each year as a function of the presence or absence of El Nino (a cooling effect in the Pacific)

  9. 2012’S STORM TRACKS

  10. 2009’S STORM TRACKS

  11. 2003’S STORM TRACKS

  12. ELEMENTS OF RISK AND DISASTER

  13. HAZARDS EXPOSURE VULNERABILITY LOCATION ELEMENTS OF SEVERE WINDSTORM RISK RISK

  14. THE SEVERE WINDSTORM HAZARDSARE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS

  15. HAZARDS OF A SEVERE WINDSTORM (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS) • WIND FIELD • STORM SURGE • HEAVY PRECIPITATION • LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS) • COSTAL EROSION • TORNADOES (SOMETIMES)

  16. CAUSES OF DAMAGE WIND PENETRATING BUILDING ENVELOPE UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM FLYING DEBRIS STORM SURGE SEVERE WINDSTORMS IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN “DISASTER LABORATORIES” SITING PROBLEMS FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES

  17. A DISASTER CAN HAPPENWHEN THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS OF A SEVERE WINDSTORM INTERACT WITH A CARIBBEAN ISLAND’S COMMUNITIES

  18. A DISASTER is --- --- the set of failures that overwhelm the capability of a community torespond without external help  when three continuums: 1)  people, 2) community (i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and social constructs), and 3) complex events (e.g., windstorms, floods,…) intersect at a point in space and time.

  19. Disasters are caused by single- or multiple-event natural hazards that, (for various reasons), cause extreme levels of mortality, morbidity, homelessness, joblessness, economic losses, or environmental impacts.

  20. THE REASONS ARE . . . • When it does happen, the functions of the community’s buildings and infrastructure will be LOST because they are UNPROTECTED with the appropriate codes and standards.

  21. THE REASONS ARE . . . • The community is UN-PREPARED for what will likely happen, not to mention the low-probability of occurrence—high-probability of adverse consequences event.

  22. THE REASONS ARE . . . • The community has NODISASTER PLANNING SCENARIO or WARNING SYSTEM in place as a strategic framework for early threat identification and coordinated local, national, regional, and international countermeasures.

  23. THE REASONS ARE . . . • The community LACKS THE CAPACITY TO RESPOND in a timely and effective manner to the full spectrum of expected and unexpected emergency situations.

  24. THE REASONS ARE . . . • The community is INEFFICIENT during recovery and reconstruction because it HAS NOT LEARNED from either the current experience or the cumulative prior experiences.

  25. EXAMPLES OF PAST SEVERE WINDSTORM DISASTERS IN THE CARIBBEAN

  26. NOW MORE THAN 1325 DYNAMIC LABORATORIES FOR LEARNING • EACH HURRICANE TEACHES IMPORTANT TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL LESSONS ABOUT HURRICANE DISASTER RESILIENCE.

  27. CAT 5 HURRICANE DEAN: PRESSURE = 918; 13-23 AUGUST

  28. HURRICANE DEAN: CATEGORY 4 STORM ON AUGUST 17, 2007

  29. HURRICANE DEAN: A CATEGORY 2-3 STORM ON AUGUST 17 • The eye of hurricane Dean, the first of the North Atlantic season, passed between the Caribbean islands: Saint Lucia and Martinique, on Friday,August 17. • The two islands, less than 80 km (50 mi) apart were, were struck with winds of 165 - 200 km per hour (100 - 125 mi per hour), storm surge, and heavy rain.

  30. PATH OF HURRICANE DEAN: AUGUST 13 – AUGUST 23

  31. 6. HURRICANE MICHELE (CARIBBEAN) $1,000 MILLION ECONOMIC LOSS WITH $200 MILLION INDEMNIFIED BY INSURANCE 16 DEATHS ONE OF 2001’S WORST DISASTERS

  32. THE ALTERNATIVE TO A SEVERE WINDSTORM DISASTER ISSEVERE WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENCE

  33. WINDSTORM HAZARDS • INVENTORY • VULNERABILITY • LOCATION • PREPAREDNESS • PROTECTION • FORECASTS/SCENARIOS • EMERGENCY RESPONSE • RECOVERY and • RECONSTRUCTION WINDSTORM RISK POLICY OPTIONS ACCEPTABLE RISK RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENCE DATA BASES AND INFORMATION CARIBBEAN ISLAND’S COMMUNITIES HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

  34. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL WIND-STORMS PREPAREDNESS FOR ALL THE LIKELY SEVERE WIND-STORM HAZARDS IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

  35. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL WIND-STORMS TECHNOLOGIES THAT FACILITATE THREAT IDENTI-FICATION FOR EARLY WARNING AND EVACUATION IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

  36. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL WINDSTORMS TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

  37. SEVERE WINDSTORMS IN THE CARIBBEAN BASIN ARE INEVITABLE • ---SO, DON’T WAIT FOR ANOTHER REMINDER OF THE IMPORTANCE OF BECOMING WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENT.

  38. STRATEGIC COLLABORATION FOR BECOMINMG WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENT

  39. PURPOSE MONITORING FOR WARNING AND EVACUATION PROTECTION TECHNIQIE DOPPLER RADAR; PLANES; DRONES; SATTELITES; INTL SPACE STATION WIND-RESILIENT CONSTRUCTION STRATEGIES FOR WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENCE

  40. PURPOSE LAND USE CONTROL COMMUNITY PROTECTION TECHNIQIE COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT DIKES, LEVEES, AND DAMS STRATEGIES FOR WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENCE

  41. PURPOSE TEMPORARY SHELTER INSURANCE and (SELF-INSURANCE) TECHNIQIE SAFE HAVENS FOR EVACUEES FACILITATE RECOVERY STRATEGIES FOR WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENCE

  42. EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

  43. REAL TIME FORECASTS OF PATH AND PHYSICAL EFFECTS MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., DOPPLER RADAR, INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION) DATABASES WIND ENGINEERING MAPS: STORM SURGE DISASTER SCENARIOS STORM CHASER PLANES/DRONES WARNING SYSTEMS RISK MODELING (E.G., HAZUS, INSURANCE UNDERWRITING) EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR WINDSTORM DISASTER RESILIENCE

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