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Exploring India's Ancient History

Discover the fascinating civilizations & cultures of ancient India, from the Indus Valley to the Aryan invasion, and learn about key aspects like geography, Harappan achievements, Aryan caste system, Sanskrit language, and Hinduism beliefs.

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Exploring India's Ancient History

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  1. Chapter 5

  2. Geography of India • The people 1)lived in a land of 2)extremes. • The 3)terrain was varied and often presented great 4)challenges • Extremes of weather were part of life for this civilization: • 5)Droughts • 6)Monsoons

  3. Geography of India • The great civilizations developed and flourished among: • 7)Rivers • 8)Mountains • 9)Plains • 10)Deserts • Brainpop-Everest

  4. Geography of India • Many 11)rivers flowed through the region making the land 12)fertile • One of the 13)main rivers was the 14)Indus river in the north-west • It was on the banks of the Indus river that the 15)civilizations grew

  5. Geography of India • These people used: • 16)Writing • 17)Large building construction • 18)Organized cities • They would flourish for nearly 19)one thousand years.

  6. Harappan Civilization • It is also known as the 20)Indus Valley Civilization • The two greatest cities: • 21)Mohenjo-daro • 22)Harappa • They emerged around 23)2600 BC • They settled along the Indus River 24)valley

  7. Harappan Culture and Economy • This civilization was mainly an 25)urban culture sustained by: • Surplus agriculture production • 26)Trade • The cities were made up of 27)single family living • Fortified administrative or 28)religious centers

  8. Harappan Achievements • Houses had 29)bathrooms with indoor plumbing • Developed a system of weights and 30)measures • They developed the first 31)writing system in India • They made: • 32)Excellent pottery • 33)Jewelry • 34)Ivory objects • 35)Cotton clothing

  9. End of the Harappans’ • By early in 36)1700 BC the civilization ended • Most 37)historians believe the end was caused by one of the following reasons: • 38)Natural disasters • 39)Invaders destroyed the cities

  10. Mind Map • Your Topic is Harappan Civilization • Fill in all your bubbles • Use 4 or less words or a picture

  11. Rise of the Aryans’ • Invaders from Central 40)Asia • Took 41)control of the Indus Valley • These people were skilled 42)warriors • The word Aryan means “43)noble”

  12. Aryans • Most of what we know about them comes from 44)religious writing known as 45)Vedas • They had no single ruling 46)authority • Each 47)group had its own leader • Their 48)villages were governed by a 49)Raja

  13. Aryan Caste System • The Aryans divided their 50)society into separate castes. • 51)Castes were unchanging groups. • A person 52)born into one caste never 53)changed castes or 54)mixed with members of other castes.

  14. Aryan Caste System • Caste members: • 55)Lived • 56)Ate • 57)Married • 58)Worked • With their own group.

  15. Aryan Caste System • At the 59)top of the caste system were the Brahmin – • 60)Priests • 61)Teachers • 62)Judges • The Kshatriya • 63)Warrior caste

  16. Aryan Caste System • The Vaishya caste– • 64)Farmers • 65)Merchants • Sudras, were: • 66)Craft workers • 67)Laborers

  17. Aryan Caste System • The untouchables were the 68)outcasts • These people were so 69)low they lived 70)outside of the caste system

  18. Aryan Caste System • Their jobs or habits involved “71)polluting activities” including: • 72)Fishing • 73)Butchers • 74)People who ate meat • Any other job that required you to work with dead 75)animals.

  19. Aryan Caste System • Outcastes were often forbidden to enter: • 76)Temples • 77)Schools • 78)Water wells used by other caste groups • The sight of untouchables was thought to be 79)polluting

  20. Aryan Caste System • They were forced to 80)sleep during the day and 81)work at night • Many left their rigid 82)social structure by converting: • 83)Islam • 84)Buddhism • 85)Christianity

  21. Aryan Language • The 86)language of the people was known as 87)Sanskrit • Many of the South 88)Asian languages are 89)rooted in Sanskrit

  22. Mind Map • Your Topic is Aryan • Fill in all your bubbles • Use 4 or less words or a picture

  23. Hinduism • This religion believes in many 90)gods (polytheism) • There are three major gods: • 91)Brahma the creator • 92)Siva the destroyer • 93)Vishnu the Preserver • All three are part of the universal spirit of 94)Brahman

  24. Hinduism • Both men and 95)women could gain salvation • Hinduism also taught that women were 96)inferior to men • Women were not allowed to read the 97)sacred texts

  25. Reincarnation • The soul is called the 98)Atman • This holds the 99)personality of a person • The main 100)goal of reincarnation is to be reunited with 101)Brahman

  26. Reincarnation • You live through several 102)lifetimes • You are trying to see through the 103)Illusions of the world • Once you 104)succeed you will stay with Brahma

  27. Karma • This is the effects that 105)good and bad actions have on a person’s 106)soul • Evil actions build 107)bad karma • A person with bad karma is reincarnated into a 108)lower caste or lower life form

  28. Karma • 109)Good actions build good karma • These people are born again into a 110)higher caste in their next life • Good karma brings 111)salvation known as 112)moksha

  29. Mind Map • Your Topic is Hinduism • Fill in all your bubbles • Use 4 or less words or a picture

  30. Jainism • A religion based on the teaching of 113)Mahavira • They try to live by four principles: • 114)Injure no life • 115)Tell the truth • 116)Do not steal • 117)Own no property

  31. Jainism • They believed that 118)everything is alive and part of the cycle of 119)rebirth • They are 120)vegetarians

  32. Buddhism • In the late 121)500s BC a young Indian prince named 122)Siddhartha Gautama • He attracted many 123)dissatisfied followers of 124)Hinduism.

  33. Buddhism • He looked around his 125)world and saw how hard other 126)people had to work and how much they 127)suffered.

  34. Buddhism • He began to ask 128)questions about the meaning of 129)life. • When he reached the age of 130)30 he left home to look for 131)answers.

  35. Buddhism • His 132)journey took him to many regions in 133)India. • He spoke with 134)priests and people of wisdom on his 135)travels.

  36. Buddhism • He wanted to free his 136)mind from daily concerns. • He started 137)fasting (going without food) • Devoted time to 138)meditation (focusing the mind on spiritual ideas)

  37. Buddhism • Its 139)believed that he spent 6 years 140)wandering India. • He came to a city on the Ganges River named 141)Gaya

  38. Buddhism • He sat under a 142)tree and meditated. • After 7 143)weeks he realized why humans 144)suffer.

  39. Buddhism • First 145)wanting what we like but do not have. • Wanting to 146)keep what we like and 147)already have. • 148)Not wanting what we dislike but have.

  40. Buddhism • He spent another 7 149)weeks under the tree meditating. • Today the name is known as the 150)Tree of Wisdom

  41. Buddhism • He was almost 151)35 years old when he became 152)enlightened. • From this point he would be known as 153)Buddha

  42. Buddhism • Buddha traveled across 154)northern India teaching people his 155)ideas. • He shared with the people the 156)Four Noble Truths

  43. Four Noble Truths of Buddhism • First Truth—157)Suffering and unhappiness are part of life. No one can 158)escape sorrow. • Second Truth—Suffering comes from our 159)desires for pleasure and material 160)goods.

  44. Four Noble Truths of Buddhism • Third Truth—People can 161)overcome desire and ignorance and reach 162)nirvana (a state of perfect peace) • Fourth Truth—People can overcome 163)ignorance and desire by following 164)The Eightfold Path

  45. The Spread of Buddhism • After the 165)death of Buddha in 483 BC his followers 166)spread his ideas throughout India and later into parts of 167)Asia • 168)Missionaries would reach regions in: • 168)Syria • 169)Egypt

  46. The Spread of Buddhism • It would spread along the 170)Silk road and reach areas in: • 171)China • 172)Korea • 173)Japan

  47. Mind Map • Your Topic is Buddhism • Fill in all your bubbles • Use 4 or less words or a picture

  48. Mauryan Empire (321 to 185 BC) • This Empire lasted for around 174)150 years. • The military leader 175)Candragupta Mauryaseized control of northern India. • He established the new capital at 176)Patna

  49. Mauryan Empire (321 to 185 BC) • He 177)unified the subcontinent for the first time and 178)contributed to the spread of 179)Buddhism.

  50. Mauryan Empire (321 to 185 BC) • The empire included: • 180)Spies • 181)Large Army • 182)War Elephants • 183)Chariots • Citizens were required to pay 184)taxes to receive governmental 185)protection.

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