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Peace in the Middle East

Peace in the Middle East . Menachem Begin. Born 1913 Was the leader of the Irgun. In 1947 he became the leader of the Likud party. This party would be the opposition party for 30 years. In 1977 was elected president of Israel. Died in 1992. Sadat's speech in Jerusalem .

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Peace in the Middle East

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  1. Peace in the Middle East

  2. Menachem Begin Born 1913 Was the leader of the Irgun. In 1947 he became the leader of the Likud party. This party would be the opposition party for 30 years. In 1977 was elected president of Israel. Died in 1992.

  3. Sadat's speech in Jerusalem In 1977 Sadat traveled to Jerusalem to present a speech to the Knesset. In the speech he offered the Israeli's recognition and a permanent peace based on agreements which would restore Arab lands, recognize the need for a Palestinian homeland and provide secure boundaries. The Israeli's did not receive the speech well. The Arab states branded Sadat a traitor against the Arab cause.

  4. Jimmy Carter Born 1924 Was elected as the 39th President of the United States on November 2, 1976. Would become a dominate figure in the Arab-Israeli conflict.

  5. Camp David In July 1978 President Carter invited Sadat and Begin to the presidential retreat of Camp David. On September 5 1978, both sides arrived for the 12 day negotiations. The issue of a Palestinian homeland and self-government was one of the major points of contention. Another issue was the building of settlements in occupied areas by Israel.

  6. Aims of both sides: Egypt The return of their occupied land, the Sinai Dessert. The withdrawal by the Israelis to the pre-1967 borders as stipulated in UN Resolution 242 and 336. The establishment of Palestinian territory and government. Israel To secure their southern border from one of their most dangerous enemies. Recognition of Israel's right to exist and itself as a state.

  7. Agreement at Camp David The Camp David Accords were signed on the 17 of September 1978. In the Accord had two parts: The first was "a Framework for Peace in the Middle East" which dealt with the West Bank, Gaza, the implementation of the UN resolutions and a 'reolution of the Paelstinian problem in all its aspects'. This framework avoided discussion over Jerusalem. The Second was "A Framework for the Conclusion of a Peace Treaty between Israel and Egypt." This outlined Israel's withdrawal from the Sinai, restoration of diplomatic relations between the two states, and creation of a secure border between the two states.

  8. Aftermath of Camp David Sadat and Begin won the Nobel peace prize the next year. Egypt was removed from the Arab League. Sadat was assassinated in October 1981. Israel continued to build settlements in occupied areas, it annexed the Golan heights, went to war with Lebanon in 1982 and refused to recognize and grant autonomy to a Palestinian Government.

  9. Yasser Arafat Born 1929. Died 2004. Would lead first Fatah then become the leader of the PLO in 1964. His death in 2004 is under investigation for possible assassination.

  10. 1987-1993 In December 1987 Palestinians began to organize against the Israel crackdown on the Palestinians. This involved mass demonstrations, boycotts, refusal to pay taxes, Non-violent protest, as well as violence against the IDF. This became known as the first Infitada. During the conflict Palestinian organizations targeted Palestinians which they believed were collaborating with the Israelis. Israel's image was damaged by how it dealt with the Infitada. The PLO would gain validity during this time.

  11. Oslo accords After a number of failed negotiations between Israeli and Palestinian officals between 1991 and 1993, the two sides held a series of 14 meetings in Oslo, Norway. On September 13, Yassar Arafat and President Yitzhak Rabin signed the accord on the lawn of the white house. President Clinton was the witness.

  12. The Accord The two sides signed a letters of mutual recognition. Both sides recognizing the other's right to exist. Authorized the creation of an interm Palestinian government which would be responsible leading Palestinian self-government. This government would eventually be elected through fair and democratic elections. Withdrawal of Israeli forces from the West Bank and Gaza. Oslo Accord

  13. Reaction to the Oslo Accord The Oslo accords met with resistance from both sides. The Likud party opposed the accord, as did the PFLP and Hamas, an Islamic Palestinian organization. The accord passed the Knesset, the Jewish parliament by a vote of 61 for, 50 against, and 8 abstaining. This accord would become the foundation for future peace talks between the two sides.

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