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CLASSIFICATION

CLASSIFICATION. WHAT DOES CLASSIFICATION MEAN? IT MEANS “AN ORDERLY GROUPING OF ORGANISMS”. THE STUDY OF CLASSIFICATION IS CALLED TAXONOMY . THERE ARE TWO APPROACHES TO CLASSIFICATION. 1. CONVENIENCE CLASSIFICATION ARTIFICIAL CLASSIFICATION PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS

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CLASSIFICATION

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  1. CLASSIFICATION WHAT DOES CLASSIFICATION MEAN? IT MEANS “AN ORDERLY GROUPING OF ORGANISMS”. THE STUDY OF CLASSIFICATION IS CALLED TAXONOMY. THERE ARE TWO APPROACHES TO CLASSIFICATION.

  2. 1. CONVENIENCE CLASSIFICATION ARTIFICIAL CLASSIFICATION PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS 2. PHYLOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION NATURAL CLASSIFICATION GENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS THE CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES IN PLACE TODAY ARE MAINLY BASED ON THE CONVENIENCE METHOD. ANY PHYLOGENY IS ASSUMED AND NOT PROVED SCIENTIFICALLY.

  3. WHITTAKER’S FIVE KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION - A CONVENIENCE METHOD.

  4. THE HISTORY OF KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES • THE FIRST CLASSIFICATION SCHEME WAS DEVELOPED BY ARISTOTLE 2000 YEARS AGO. • PLANTS AND ANIMALS

  5. IN THE LATE 1800’S, A THIRD KINGDOM WAS ADDED: PROTISTA

  6. IN THE 1950’S, A FORTH KINGDOM WAS ADDED: THE MONERA OR THE PROCARYOTAE. • PROCARYOTIC AND EUCARYOTIC CELL STRUCTURE AND PHYSIOLOGY WAS DISCOVERED.

  7. IN 1969, A FIFTH KINGDOM WAS ADDED: FUNGI

  8. WHITTAKER’S FIVE KIGNDOM CLASSIFICATION RELATED ALL ORGANISMS ON THE BASIS OF: 1. MODES OF NUTRITION 2. POSITION IN THE ECOLOGICAL FOOD CHAIN A. PRODUCER B. CONSUMER C. DECOMPOSER

  9. 3. CELLULAR ORGANIZATION A. SINGLE CELL B. MULTICELLULAR C. PROCARYOTIC/EUCARYOTIC 4. EVOLUTIONARY TREND - PHYLOGENY WITHIN THE INDIVIDUAL KINGDOMS, ORGANISMS ARE FURTHER GROUPED INTO SMALLER GROUPS AS FOLLOWS:

  10. KINGDOM PHYLUM/DIVISION CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES STRAIN/VARIANT/SUBSPESCIES

  11. THE PHYLOGENETIC APPROACH ORGANISMS THAT ARE GENETICALLY RELATED WILL HAVE MORE CHARACTERISTICS IN COMMON THAN ORGANISMS THAT LOOK A LIKE. CARL WOESE AND FRIENDS HAVE BEEN WORKING SINCE 1970 TO PUT IN PLACE A PHYLOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION SCHEME.

  12. COMPARE HEREDITARY MOLECULES OF ORGANISMS.

  13. THEY SELECTED RIBOSOMAL RNA BECAUSE: ALL CELLS HAVE IT AND PLENTY OF IT. ITS FUNCTION IS THE SAME IN ALL CELLS. ITS NITROGEN BASE SEQUENCE IS MODERATELY CONSERVED FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION.

  14. WOESE SEPARATED ORGANISMS IN THE MONERA INTO TWO GROUPS: - ARCHAEABACTERIA - EUBACTERIA ARCHAEABACTERIA TEND TO THRIVE IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS, EUBACTERIA DO NOT. ALSO, THERE ARE STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THESE TWO GROUPS OF BACTERIA.

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