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History of the Periodic Table of the Elements (CHEM 1360) Part 2

History of the Periodic Table of the Elements (CHEM 1360) Part 2. REDISCOVERY OF THE ELEMENTS — following ancient footsteps. European element discovery sites. The Highlands in Scotland. The Road to Strontian. Up from Strontian to the Mine. Entrance to the Mine. Searching for a vein.

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History of the Periodic Table of the Elements (CHEM 1360) Part 2

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  1. History of the Periodic Table of the Elements (CHEM 1360) Part 2

  2. REDISCOVERY OF THE ELEMENTS — following ancient footsteps

  3. European element discovery sites

  4. The Highlands in Scotland

  5. The Road to Strontian

  6. Up from Strontian to the Mine Entrance to the Mine

  7. Searching for a vein Climbing down into the Mine

  8. Discovery! Alkaline earth carbonates and silicates

  9. Mediterranean element discovery sites

  10. Monte Palermo, “three French leagues from Bologna”

  11. Discovery! Nuggets of fosforo di Bologna!

  12. Fosforo di Bologna — Barite, BaSO4

  13. Argillaceous matrix — i.e., clay and mud

  14. Early Mankind discovers a new substance with ductile, rather than brittle, failure

  15.   

  16. Gold, most highly desired of the metals because of its eternal nature Nubians deliver gold to their King (Temple in Thebes)

  17. Roa Montan, Romania — ancient Roman gold mine

  18. Rosa Montana — wax tablet to entrance

  19. Rosa Montana — enough room for one slave laborer

  20. Silver Joachimthalers — etymological source of “dollar”

  21. Thaler, 1561, minted in Sankt Joachim, Bohemia

  22. Sankt Joachim, Bohemia — now Jáchymov, Czech Republic

  23. The Canaanites (Hittites) with “iron chariots” in the Book of Judges Copper vase from Cyprus (Cyprus = cuprum)

  24. The origin of the concept of “element” or “principle” Plato and Aristotle espouse a logical universe

  25. Macquer’s “Dictionnaire de Chymie,” 1777

  26. The current concept of “Chemical Element,” as of 1777

  27. The Discovery of Phosphorus

  28. The Birth of Science There was a Beginning. . . . There are Natural Causes. . . . God works through Natural Law Aqua fortis Spiritus salus Blue vitrol Liver of sulphur Manna mercuri Flowers of zinc etc., etc. . . . Alchemical discoveries Religious philosophy By reason you can arrive at the truth, even when it is not intuitively obvious. . . . Greek logic

  29. The Birth of Science By experimentation and careful reasoning we can arrive at these laws and ultimate understanding. . . . Religious philosophy Alchemical discoveries Greek logic

  30. Falun Mine, Sweden — major copper mine that served the early miners

  31. Averting the Gnomes in the dark caves. . . . The German word for gnome is “Kobold” Cobaltite, CoAsS

  32. The German word “Kupfernickel” means copper devil Annabergite, Ni3(AsO4)2•8H2O Nicollite, NiAs

  33. German element discovery sites

  34. Klatschmondblumen, Harz Mountains, Germany

  35. Tilkerode, East Harz Mountains

  36. Tilkerode, East Harz Mountains — selenium-rich ore, source of thallium

  37. Minimum, Pb3O4 Cerrusite, PbCO3, “white wax” Lead ores

  38. Mercury ore “sweating” quicksilver

  39. East European element discovery sites

  40. Touring across Romania. . . .

  41. Gypsies panning and collecting gold in fleece (Daniel Edward Clarke, Nagyag, Romania, 1802)

  42. Gypsies today. . . .

  43. Hiking up the Transylvanians. . . .

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