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AIR BIOLOGY REVIEW

AIR BIOLOGY REVIEW. Ecology. KEY AIR VOCAB WORD:. HOMEOSTASIS. Nature maintains a balance in the ecosystem. “HOW?” You ask?. Nutrient cycles. Predator – prey relationships. Primary & secondary succession. Recycling Matter!.

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AIR BIOLOGY REVIEW

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  1. AIR BIOLOGY REVIEW Ecology

  2. KEY AIR VOCAB WORD: HOMEOSTASIS Nature maintains a balance in the ecosystem “HOW?” You ask?

  3. Nutrient cycles Predator – prey relationships Primary & secondary succession

  4. Recycling Matter! Matter cycles through and between living organisms and the nonliving environment. Carbon! Nitrogen! Water! Phosphorus! But, human activity throws the balance out of whack!

  5. Carbon Cycle Humans burn too much fossil fuels → too much CO2 in air CO2

  6. Bacteriaplay a HUGE role in this cycle

  7. Phosphorus Cycle Humans use too much fertilizer → too much Phosphates in soil = runoff eutrophication→ algal blooms→ hypoxia

  8. What You Need to Know….Ecology - continued - Energy FLOWS in a one-way direction... …up the food chain (or web)

  9. Quaternary, tertiary, and secondary consumers Tertiary and secondary consumers Secondary and primary consumers Primary consumers Producers (plants) Figure 19.23 Trophic levels 1st Trophic Level are producers Healthy ecosystem this will be the largest

  10. Only _____ of the energy in any one trophic level is available to be passed to the next level. 10% HEAT LIFE PROCESSES

  11. What You Need to Know….Ecology - continued - Know feeding relationships: • Autotrophs (producers) Photosynthetic or chemosynthetic

  12. Heterotrophs (consumers)

  13. What You Need to Know….Ecology - continued - Know factors that affect an organism in its environment 1) Biotic factors 2) Abiotic factors Soil Precipitation Light Temperature Bodies of water

  14. Makeup of an ecosystem • Species – similar organisms that interbreed and produce fertile offspring • Population – organisms of the same species in a particular location • Community – populations of organisms of different species found in a particular ecosystem.

  15. AIR Main Idea: • Organisms & the environment are INTERDEPENDENT

  16. AIR Main Idea: BIODIVERSITY

  17. How living things interact with each other in their community: a. predation b. competition c. symbiosis

  18. Predation Homeostasis! • Predator eats prey • Evolve in response to one another

  19. Know how populations affect one another Predator-prey relationship

  20. 2 Types of Competition • Intraspecific – same species compete for a resource example: lion vs lion • Interspecific – two different species are competing Ex: lion vs hyena

  21. Species Tend to Avoid Competition… so they do Niche Partitioning

  22. Another example of Niche Partitioning

  23. POPULATION ECOLOGY

  24. Population Growth Rate Calculate Growth = birth rate-death rate AND immigration - emigration

  25. Types of Growths & Population Graphs Exponential Growth Must have abundant/unlimited resources!

  26. Types of Growths & Population Graphs • Resources become limited • Other limiting factors come into play • Carrying capacity is reached Logistic Growth

  27. Carrying Capacity • Maximum number of individuals that an ecosystem can support without depleting resources • Limiting factors: • Food availability • Competition • Disease • Predation • Natural Disasters

  28. Human Growth – Exponential! Since the Industrial Revolution

  29. Know how humans are altering (impacting) the ecosystem Sulfur dioxide Logging CFCs Increased greenhouse gases Fertilizer runoff Deforestation Ozone Depletion Climate Change / Global Warming Overgrowth of algae in lakes (eutrophication) Acid Rain

  30. Know Solutions to These Problems! • Lifestyle Changes (such as?) • REDUCE, REUSE, RECYLCE • PASS LAWS!! • Protect habitats • Protect endangered species • Stop overfishing or hunting

  31. Biomagnification • An increase in environmental toxins at higher tropic levels • Ex. DDT and birds of prey

  32. LET’S CHECK WHAT YOU KNOW

  33. In some places, human sewage is dumped into the ocean or another body of water. The nutrients present in sewage cause excessive growth of algae. The algae die and are consumed by bacteria in the water. What effect does an increase in the number of bacteria have on water quality? a) It reduces oxygen levels in the water. b) It raises the temperature of the water. c) It helps to mix the water on the surface with the water at the bottom. d) It increases the amount of sunlight that reaches the bottom of the water.

  34. Methane (CH4) from Ohio’s Rose Valley coal mine has successfully been used to power fuel cells. Since the fuel used in these cells is not burned, using methane from the mine will help to A. Increase the concentration of atmospheric ozone. B. reduce public demand for alternative fuel sources. C. increase public awareness of global warming issues. D. reduce pollutants commonly associated with fossil fuel combustion.

  35. The End!

  36. A biological community is most stable when a) consumers outnumber producers. b) there is a great deal of biodiversity. c) new species immigrate into the region. d) major changes occur in the abiotic factors of the environment.

  37. In addition to carbon dioxide, what chemical compound is released into the atmosphere as a result of processes #2 and #5 A. B. C. D.

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