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300 BCE-900 CE

Explore the fascinating history of three great Mesoamerican civilizations: the Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas. The Mayans thrived in Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula, excelling in architecture, astronomy, and mathematics, creating the famous Mayan Calendar. The Aztec empire, founded in 1325 with the guidance of their god Huitzilopochtli, developed the great city of Tenochtitlan, which later became modern Mexico City. The Incas extended their empire over 2,500 miles across South America. Discover how these civilizations faced challenges such as warfare, overpopulation, and the impact of Spanish conquistadors.

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300 BCE-900 CE

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  1. 300 BCE-900 CE The Mayans • Location: • Mexico’s YUCATAN Peninsula • Architecture • temples • astronomy • mathematics • The MAYAN CALENDAR • Slow decline • Warfare • Overpopulation • Soil exhaustion

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  3. The AZTECS (1200-1521) • In 1325, the Aztec god Uitzilopochtli told the people where to settle when • “you find an eagle perched atop a cactus holding a snake in its beak.” • Soon afterwards, the Aztecs founded the city of Tenochtitlan. • Generations later, Mexico City now stands on the spot of the former Aztec city. • The snake, eagle and cactus have become national symbols in Mexico.

  4. The Aztecs fall t/t Spanish Conquistadors • Hernan CORTEZ • 600 men • 16 horses & cannon • Moctezuma – last Aztec ruler • Tenochtitlan • Aztec capital city • Human sacrifices • cut out the heart • mainly POWs

  5. The Inca Empire 1197-1572 • By the late 1400’s, the Inca Empire stretched 2,500 miles across what is today Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Chile. • The Inca’s were able to acquire new skills and survival techniques by learning from the people in the area and then branching out.

  6. The Incans fall t/t Spanish Conquistadors • Francisco PIZARRO • Atahualpa • last Incan king • “thirst for gold” • Spanish weaponry & European diseases • small pox • 80,000 Incan warriors defeated by 168 conquistadors • Cuzco was capital • Machu Picchu

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