1 / 10

Outline for today’s class

Outline for today’s class. Negotiation theory & practice Why states take the positions they do. Role of NGOs in international environmental treaties. How to evaluate a theory.

danika
Télécharger la présentation

Outline for today’s class

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Outline for today’s class • Negotiation theory & practice • Why states take the positions they do. • Role of NGOs in international environmental treaties

  2. How to evaluate a theory • Step 1: Get a theory from prior scholars about the thing you are interested in and try to “map it” in a simple enough way that you understand it • Step 2: Figure out what that theory leads you to expect about a particular case, i.e., make theory-based predictions about the case before you study it • Step 3: See if the case turns out the way you expect or not. If it does, you have a good paper about how the case supports the theory. If it does not, you have a good paper about how the case does not support the theory.

  3. Start at minute 19:10

  4. Negotiation Theory • Sprinz and Vaahtoranta • Positions states take in negotiations (the DV) are determined by two IVs: the costs states face to take action to protect the environment (abatement costs) and the benefits they receive if the environment is protected (ecological vulnerability) • Betsill and Corell show: • Need to clarify research question – WHAT is influence? • Evidence of NGO influence • Use of process tracing AND counterfactuals • Building on work of prior others

  5. Why States Take Positions They Do in Int’l Negotiations Sprinz and Vaahtoranta, 1994.

  6. NGO influence in negotiations (Betsill and Corell, 2007) • Distinction of power vs. influence • Power as resources vs. power as influence over outcomes • Definition of NGO influence based in counterfactuals • “Influence occurs when one actor intentionally communicates to another so as to alter the latter’s behavior from what would have occurred otherwise" (Betsill and Corell, 2007, 31).

  7. NGO elements • Activities • Access • Resources: financial; informational • Focus of NGOs on process or outcome • Notice elements of process tracing

  8. Potential influences of NGOs • Agenda setting -- what gets talked about; drawing attention to an issue. • Issue framing -- how it gets talked about: biosafety can be framed as health or trade issue (B&C, 36) • Positions of key states • Procedural issues -- how decisions to be made in the future • Substantive issues -- actual decisions in the agreement text

  9. Factors that condition NGO influence • NGO coordination • Rules of access, • Stage of the negotiations • Political stakes • Institutional overlap • Competition from other NGOs • Alliances with key states • Level of contention (B&C, 2007, ch. 2).

  10. Why do negotiations succeed? • Type of problem • Structural and contextual factors • Concern about the issue and costs • Scientific influence • Actors involved • Institutional design factors

More Related