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北京运筹学会年会（ 2004 年 12 月 25 日  北京邮电大学） 供应链管理的若干热点问题

北京运筹学会年会（ 2004 年 12 月 25 日  北京邮电大学） 供应链管理的若干热点问题. 谢金星 清华大学数学科学系 Tel: 010-62787812 Email:jxie@math.tsinghua.edu.cn http://faculty.math.tsinghua.edu.cn/~jxie. Supply Chain Management (SCM). 简要提纲. 基本概念 研究方法 热点问题 小结. What is a Supply Chain ? Example: Stages of a Detergent Supply Chain.

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北京运筹学会年会（ 2004 年 12 月 25 日  北京邮电大学） 供应链管理的若干热点问题

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  1. 北京运筹学会年会（2004年12月25日北京邮电大学）北京运筹学会年会（2004年12月25日北京邮电大学） 供应链管理的若干热点问题 谢金星 清华大学数学科学系 Tel: 010-62787812 Email:jxie@math.tsinghua.edu.cn http://faculty.math.tsinghua.edu.cn/~jxie

  2. Supply Chain Management (SCM) 简要提纲 • 基本概念 • 研究方法 • 热点问题 • 小结

  3. What is a Supply Chain?Example: Stages of a Detergent Supply Chain Customer wants detergent and goes to Wal-Mart Wal-Mart Store P&G or other manufacturer Wal-Mart Or third-party DC Plastic producer Tenneco packaging Chemical manufacturer Chemical manufacturer Paper manufacturer Timber industry

  4. Supply Chain Stages Manufacturer Distributor Supplier Retailer Customer Supplier Retailer Customer Distributor Manufacturer Supplier Customer Retailer

  5. The Supply Chain Information Systems World-Wide Requirements Planning Logistics Network Distribution Processes Customer Relationship Management WHAT IS A SUPPLY CHAIN? The global network used to deliver products and services from raw materials to the end customer through engineered flows of information, physical distribution and cash. Supply Network, Supply Web

  6. Connect Supply With Demand Information SUPPLY DEMAND Product Cash • Not only manufacturer and supplier, but also transporters, warehouses, retailers and customers themselves. • All functions involved in filling a customer request within each organization: new product development, marketing, operations, distribution, finance, and customer service.

  7. http://clm1.org The Council of Logistics Management (CLM) Founded 1963: CPDM (Council of Physical Distribution Management) Changed 1985: CLM (The Council of Logistics Management) Effective January 1, 2005: CSCMP (Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals)

  8. Core Competence Short-term Focus: Time-based Competition High Capital Investment: Increase ROI (Return-On-Investment) Bullwhip Effect Information Distortion: Can We Play the Game Better? Global Manufacturing Final Assembly is Simple: OEM (original equipment mfg.) Physical Distribution is Cheap: 3PL (3rd Party Logistics) Information Technology ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) and DSS Internet: EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) etc. Why SCM is Too Hot Recently?

  9. To improve the profitability and efficiency of the supply chain and all organizations involved By Optimizing the structures and operations Maximizing the net value added by all relevant processes. Objectives of SCM

  10. Nails vs. Hammers Issues / Problems  Models  Analysis / Solution

  11. SCM: Issues and Methodology Who’s fault? Supply chain coordination (SCC): The members in a supply chain cooperate with each other to reach the best performance of the entire chain

  12. Difficulties when modeling a supply chain • Complicated / Large-scale Network Structure • Complicated / Large-scale Product Structure • Complicated / Large-scale Process Structure • Distributed / Decentralized Organization Structure • Distributed / Decentralized Information Structure • Distributed / Decentralized Decision Structure • Dynamic System • Variety of Uncertainties

  13. Plan Return Return Source Deliver Return Return Return Return Return Return Founded in 1996 (http://www.supply-chain.org) Make Deliver Source Make Deliver Source Deliver Make Source Customer’sCustomer Your Company Supplier Customer Suppliers’Supplier Internal or External Internal or External Supply Chain Operations Reference Model (SCOR)

  14. Strategic Tactic Operational Levels of Decision Decision Level & Interdisciplinarity OR (Optimization, Game Theory, Inventory Mgmt., etc.) Microeconomics Behavior Theory

  15. 1. Purchasing and supply literature 2. Logistics and transportation literature 3. Marketing literature 4. Organizational behavior, industrial organization, transaction cost economics and contract view literature 5. Contingency theory (权变理论) 6. Institutional sociology (制度社会学) 7. System engineering literature 8. Network literature 9. Best practices literature 10. Strategic management literature 11. Economic development Literature Different perspectives of SCM Source: “Supply chain management: an analytical framework for critical literature review”, EJPSM 6 (2000), pp.67-83

  16. Classifying literature according to the methodology Mainly on inventory management Source: “Supply chain management: an analytical framework for critical literature review”, EJPSM 6 (2000), pp.67-83

  17. Theoretic models Deterministic models Stochastic models Simulation models Expert system (knowledge model) Empirical Case study Survey Panel study Database ResearchMethods

  18. SCM Qualitative Quantitative Empirical Optimization-based Non-Optimizing Deterministic Uncertain Heuristic OR Methodology Simulation Petri Nets Queue Network Markov Chain … LP NLP Goal Prog. Multi-Criteria Prog. Network Flow Game Theory Dynamic Prog. TS (Tabu Search) SA (Simulated Ann.) GA / EA Lagrangian Relaxation Theory of Constraints Multi-Agent Dynamic Prog. Inven. Control Queue Network Markov DM Uncertain Prog.

  19. Theory of SCM as a discipline Inventory Management (with new features incorporated) Information Sharing and Supply Chain Coordination (e.g. Contract, Incentive, Rebate, Imbursement, Discount, etc.) Coordinated supply chain scheduling (CSCS) CPFR (Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment) Marketing (e.g. Co-operative pricing and advertising) Transportation / Routing Problem (Network Optimization) Supply chain design, product design (e.g. postponement) 3PL (3rd Party Logistics)  4PL (4th Party Logistics) Game Theory (Bargaining Theory, Auction Theory) Green supply chain China-based research …… Some research topics

  20. Incorporating new dimensions, e.g. Information sharing (Value of information) Order coordination with contracts Rationing game Advanced order commitment (Earlier order commitment ) Short life cycle products Distributed distribution Inventory & transportation VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory) … Inventory Management Revisited

  21. Scheduling Revisited • Hall NG, Potts CN, Supply chain scheduling: Batching and delivery, OPERATIONS RESEARCH 51 (4): 566-584 JUL-AUG 2003

  22. The retailer initiates and implements a local advertising and the manufacturer pays part of the cost. Vertical Co-op advertising • Pricing and co-op advertising? ---- Huang, Z. M., S. X. Li, 2001. Co-op advertising models in manufacturer-retailer supply chains: A game theory approach. EJOR 135, 527-544.

  23. J. Geunes, P. M. Pardalos, Network Optimization in Supply Chain Management and Financial Engineering: An Annotated Bibliography, NETWORKS, Vol. 42(2), 66–84, 2003. New features incorporated: Non-linear network optimization Inventory-Routing; Inventory-Transportation supply chain design incorporates location-routing decisions Marketing consideration …… Network Optimization Revisited

  24. Supply chain structure on the Internet Marketing-operations interaction Multi-channel cooperation Supply chain intermediation Principal-agent model (decentralized decision making) Auctions and pricing in E-marketplace Design of combinatorial auctions …… SCM in the E-Business Era

  25. Reverse Distribution: Framework Source: EJOR 103 (1997) 1-17

  26. Distributed distribution: Example Without inventory

  27. Summary Methodology Content Type / Mode ---- 供应链管理的研究综述 (工业工程, 2002)

  28. Handbook of Quantitative Supply Chain Analysis: Modeling in the E-Business Era, 2004, Kluwer. Handbook of Supply Chain Management: Design, Coordination and Operation, 2003, Elsevier. (Handbooks in OR/MS, Vol. 11) Quantitative Models for Supply Chain Management, 1999, Kluwer. (Inter. Series in OR&MS) Logistics of Production and Inventory, 1993, Elsevier. (Handbooks in OR&MS, Vol. 4) Some Related Books

  29. 一孔之见，罗列于此； 挂一漏万，敬请斧正！

  30. Thank you for your attendance!

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