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The Dynamics of Modern Era: Industrialization, Imperialism, Nationalism, and Global Migration

The Modern Era (1750-1900) witnessed transformative changes shaped by industrialization, capitalism, and imperialism. Industrialization redefined production processes and led to urbanization and social changes, facilitated by technological advancements like the steam engine. Imperialism reshaped global power dynamics, with the establishment and contraction of empires impacting nation-state formation. Nationalism fueled revolutionary movements, while global migrations altered demographics and economies. This period laid the groundwork for contemporary socio-economic structures and identities.

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The Dynamics of Modern Era: Industrialization, Imperialism, Nationalism, and Global Migration

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  1. Unit 5: Modern Era 1750-1900

  2. Tabs 5.1 Industrialization & Capitalism 5.2 Imperialism & Nation-States 5.3 Nationalism, Revolution & Reform 5.4 Global Migration (Still use 2 sheets; use the back for 5.4)

  3. 5.1 Industrialization & Capitalism • Industrialization changed how goods were produced • Required for Indust. Rev.: Land, Labor, Capital • Effects: urbanization, environment, faster production • Tech: steam engine, railroad • Specialization of labor (textile industry) • Spread to rest of Eur., Russ., Jap., US

  4. 5.1 Industrialization & Capitalism • “2ndIndus. Rev.” =late 19th century w/ electricity & chemicals II. New patterns of global trade; industrialists seek raw materials • decline of economically productive, agriculturally based economies • Seek new consumer markets (China: Open Door Policy)

  5. 5.1 Industrialization & Capitalism III. Financial institutions to facilitate investments • Bank loans & gov. sponsorship; stock market • Capitalism (Adam Smith) • Transnational business & corporations IV. Developed transport. & comm. • Steam engine/coal; • Unions = better working conditions • China & Ottoman Emp. Struggled to Indust.

  6. 5.1 Industrialization & Capitalism • Gov. sponsored Indust. • Japan (Meiji) • Egypt (Muhammad Ali) • Reforms to adjust global capitalism • Expansion of suffrage in GB • Pub. Educat. • Social Org. • Large middle class • Family dynamic & gender roles change

  7. 5.1 Industrialization & Capitalism • Gov. sponsored Indust. • Japan (Meiji) • Egypt (Muhammad Ali) • Reforms to adjust global capitalism • Expansion of suffrage in GB • Pub. Educat. • Social Org. • Large middle class • Family dynamic & gender roles change • urbanization= unsanitary conditions

  8. 5.2 Imperialism & Nation-States • Transoceanic empires • Increased control over colonies • Eur., Am., Jap. Created empires in the Pacific; Port. & Span. Colonial control declined • African colonies (Berlin Conference) • Settler Colonies (N.Z., Aus., S. Afr.) II. Imperialism influenced state formation & contraction around the world • Meiji Japan • US & Russia expanded overseas empire • Decline of Ottomans

  9. 5.2 Imperialism & Nation-States • Nationalism fostered new communal identities III. Racial ideologies justified imperialism • Social Darwinism

  10. 5.3 Nationalism, Revolution & Reform • Enlightenment questioned established traditions; led to rebellion against governments • Observe natural world & human relationships (Voltaire, Rousseau) • New political ideas (Locke) • Amer. Rev., French Rev., Latin Am. Rev. • Led to expanded suffrage; abolition of slavery II. Discontent w/ Imperial rule led to anti-colonial movements

  11. 5.3 Nationalism, Revolution & Reform III. Development of liberalism, socialism, communism • Emergence of feminism

  12. 5.4 Global Migration • Migration changed demography • Improved medicine & food prod. = pop. Growth • Increased urbanization • Global capitalist economy relied on coerced labor • Women took on new roles • Ethnic enclaves in different parts of world • Ethnic and racial prejudice (Chinese Exclusion Acts)

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