1. Trait and Factor TheoriesPerson-Environment Correspondence Theory (PEC Theory)

2. PEC Theory • History • PEC Theory is the generalized version of the Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA) • Basic Premise: • Individuals seek to achieve and maintain a positive relationship with their work environment • P = person • E = environment

3. PEC Theory • Dawis and Lofquist • P-E correspondence • Stability • Work adjustment • 4 Key points of Dawis and Lofquist's theory • Work and personality fit • Impact of individual needs • Connection of individual needs and reinforcer systems • Job placement

4. PEC Theory • Personality Structure • Abilities and values • What are abilities according to Dawis & Lofquist? • What are values according to Dawis & Lofquist?

5. PEC Theory • P-E discorrespondence requires adjustment to maintain a positive equilibrium between the two • 4 adjustment style variations • Flexibility • Activeness • Reactiveness • Perseverance

6. PEC Theory Empirical Support • Empirical Support • Hunter and Hunter (1984) explored PEC theory’s ability to predict job satisfaction • Dawis (1991) examined PEC theory’s ability to predict satisfaction given the proper reinforcers

7. PEC Theory • Clinical Implications • Evaluate job satisfaction • Link between satisfaction and work adjustment • Link between satisfaction and tenure • Assess needs and values • Determine reinforcers • Help person find a work environment that matches needs, values, and provides the correct reinforcers

8. Counseling Strategy • Dawis (1996) recommended counseling strategy • 1. Conduct intake interview • 2. Identify developmental variables • 3. Assessment • 4. Identify and solve problems • 5 Generate a PEF analysis • 6. Confirm, explore, and decide • 7. Follow up