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Types of Chromosomes a. Autosomes Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. 1 to 22

Types of Chromosomes a. Autosomes Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. 1 to 22 b. Sex Chromosomes A chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism. X and Y chromosomes. Types of Cells a. Somatic cells Any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells. 

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Types of Chromosomes a. Autosomes Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. 1 to 22

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  1. Types of Chromosomes • a. Autosomes • Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. 1 to 22 • b. Sex Chromosomes • A chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism. X and Y chromosomes

  2. Types of Cells • a. Somatic cells • Any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells.  • b. Gametes (sex cells) • A reproductive cell having the haploid number of chromosomes. 2

  3. Mitosis: Somatic Cell Division • Parent cell • (2n) • Daughter cells • (2n) • Meiosis: • Parent cell • (2n) • Gametes • (n) • Offspring • (2n) 3

  4. Mitosis Somatic Cell Division

  5. Science of InheritanceGenes • Alleles: • Different forms of a gene. • Dominant: • If the dominant allele (gene) is present, the organism will show that trait. • Recessive: • Trait will be exhibited only if organism does not have dominant allele or is pure for recessive trait.

  6. Science of InheritanceGenes • Genotype: • The Allele combination, heterozygous (hybrid) or homozygous (gg, GG, or Gg). • Phenotype: • The physical characteristic displayed (green or yellow). 6

  7. Science of InheritanceGenes

  8. Science of InheritanceGenes • Homozygous: 2 copies of the same alleles (ex. TT and tt) • homozygous dominant- TT • homozygous recessive- tt • Heterozygous: different copies of alleles (ex. Tt)

  9. Sex Linked GenesTraits located on the X chromosome GenotypePhenotype XCXCNormal Female XCXcCarrier Female XcXcColorblind Female XCYNormal Male XcYColorblind Male XC Y Cross: A normal male with a carrier female. XCY x XCXc XC Xc

  10. Sex Linked GenesTraits located on the X chromosome GenotypePhenotype XCXCNormal Female XCXcCarrier Female XcXcColorblind Female XCYNormal Male XcYColorblind Male Xc Y Cross: A colorblind male with a carrier female. XCY x XCXc XC Xc

  11. Sex Linked GenesTraits located on the X chromosome GenotypePhenotype XCXCNormal Female XCXcCarrier Female XcXcColorblind Female XCYNormal Male XcYColorblind Male Cross: A normal male with a carrier female. XCY x XCXc Cross: A colorblind male with a carrier female. XCY x XCXc Xc Y XC Y XC Xc XC Xc

  12. II. Practice with Punnett Squares- Mendelian Genetics (autosomes!) • homozygous recessive x homozygous dominant • heterozygous x heterozygous • homozygous recessive x heterozygous • homozygous dominant x heterozygous

  13. III. Crosses that involve sex-linked (X-linked) genes “Carrier”- Examples of X-linked diseases-

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