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Quantum Physics

Quantum Physics. Quantum Physics S trange Questions. An apple is laying on a table. You measure the position of the apple on the table. Question: Where was the apple just before your measurement?. Question:

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Quantum Physics

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  1. Quantum Physics

  2. Quantum PhysicsStrange Questions An apple is laying on a table. You measure the position of the apple on the table. Question: Where was the apple just before your measurement? Question: Is it possible for a person to be at two different places at the same time? Question: Is it possible for two persons to interact without any kind of communication?

  3. Quantum PhysicsPhysics - Overview Classical Physics Dailylife Macrocosmos (universe) Quantum Physics Microcosmos (atom)

  4. Quantum PhysicsWhat is Quantum Physics? In physics, a quantum is the minimum of any physical entity involved in an interaction. Fundamental physical property may be ’quantized’. Quantum Physicsis a branch of physics providing a mathematical description ofmicrocosmos (atoms, elementary particles, …) Microcosmos (atom)

  5. Quantum PhysicsMicrocosmos in our daily life

  6. Quantum PhysicsMicrocosmos in our daily life - FutureQuantum Computer Quantum Computer A quantum computer is a device for computation that makes direct use of quantum physical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement to perform operations on data. Quantum computers are different from traditional computers based on transistors. The basic principle behind quantum computation is that quantum properties can be used to represent data and perform operations on these data. Experiments have been carried out where quantum computational operations were executed on number of qubits (quantum bits).

  7. Quantum PhysicsMicrocosmos in our daily life - FutureQuantum Cryptograhpy Cryptography Cryptography is the practice and study of hiding information. Modern crypthography intersects the disciplines of mathematics, computer science and electrical engineering. Quantum cryptography describes the use of quantum physics effects. Well-known examples of quantum cryptography are the use of quantum communication to securely exchange a key (quantum key distribution). The advantage of quantum cryptography lies in the fact that it allows the completions of various cryptographic tasks that er proven to be impossible using only classical communications. In particular, quantum physics guarantees that measuring quantum data disturbs the data, this can be used to detect an adversary’s interference with a message.

  8. Quantum PhysicsMicrocosmos in our daily life - FutureQuantum secured bank transfer Quantum secured bank transfer

  9. Quantum PhysicsUnderstanding The mankind has all time been thinking of beeing in the centre of the world, the earth, the planetary system, Milky Way, … How can we imagine we are seeing almost the whole world, we are only seeing a little part of the electromagnetic spectrum. In microcosmos we have to learn again almost everything, we almost have no models / pictures / conceptions, common sense, …

  10. Quantum PhysicsRelativity - Addition of velocities Classic: Relativity: The velocity of the person relative to the earth The velocity of the person relative to the train The velocity of the train relative to the earth

  11. Quantum PhysicsGPS - Relativity Because of the high speed, the time moves more slowly in the satellites. Because we are closer to the center of the earth, the time moves more slowly on the earth. The last effect is greater, therefore the time goes more slowly on the earth than in the satellite. We have to use Einstein’s theory of relativity to adjust the time. If not, the GPS would give a result several kilometers out of position.

  12. Quantum PhysicsQuotation Niels Bohr: If you are not confused by quantum physics then you haven’t really understood it. Richard Feynman: I think I can safely say that nobody understands quantum physics. J.B:Haldane: The universe is not only more strange than we suppose, but more strange that we are able to suppose. Daniel Greenberger: Einstein said that if quantum physics were correct,then the world would be crazy. Einstein was right, the world is crazy. William D. Phillips: Entanglements, along with the superposition states, is the strangest thing about quantum physics. Davied Bohm: The most fundamental theory now available is probabilistic in form, not deterministic.

  13. Quantum PhysicsStrange situations in microcosmos A measurement of a system cause a change of the state of the system Measuring the door makes the door smaller A system can be in a superposition of different states at the same time Going through two doors at the same time Changing spin of one of the two particles change spin of the other though no communication Two different systems far away from each other can affect each other momentarily though no communication

  14. Quantum PhysicsClassical Physics  Quantum PhysicsStrange situations in daily lifethat happens in micro cosmos [1/2] Classical Physics Quantum Physics You have parked your car. If you know your car is parked (zero velocity), it’s impossible to find it, it can be anywhere.

  15. Quantum PhysicsClassical Physics  Quantum PhysicsStrange situations in daily lifethat happens in micro cosmos [2/2] Classical Physics Quantum Physics . . . . . . . The laser changes the speed of the car. It’s the laser control that gives the car it’s speed. Always different colors of clothes though they don’t communicate. The cat is both dead and alive until something controls it. The measuring changes the high of the carso it cannot pass the tunnel.

  16. Quantum PhysicsPhysics - History . . . . . . . 2000 Quantum physics Theory of relativity 1900 Microcosmos Electromagnetism Thermophysics Planetary motion Mechanics .

  17. Quantum Physicsx-ray

  18. Quantum PhysicsPlanck’s law of blackbody radiation Quantum of Energy

  19. Quantum PhysicsPhotoelectric Effect Light cannot be explained purely as a wave phenomenon

  20. Quantum PhysicsCompton scattering Light cannot be explained purely as a wave phenomenon

  21. Quantum PhysicsDouble Slit Experiment

  22. Quantum PhysicsMach-Zhender interferometer 6 4-6 0.25 6 Out2 S2 5 2-4 4 Out1 5 0.25 R2 0.5 4-5 S2 S1 0.5 3-5 5 0.25 1-3 S2 2 3 6 0.25 3-6 S1 Classical physics Out1 : 3-5 + 4-5 = 0.25 + 0.25 = 0.5 Out2 : 3-6 + 4-6 = 0.25 + 0.25 = 0.5 R1 1 Quantum physics Out1 : 1 Out2 : 0 In1

  23. Quantum PhysicsEntanglement Quantum entanglement is a physical resource (in a way like energy) associated with the nonclassical correlations that are possible between separated quantum systems. A pair of quantum systems in an entangled state can be used as a quantum information channel to perform computational and cryptographic tasks that are impossible for classical systems.

  24. Quantum PhysicsMicrocosmos 99.999999999999 % of the atom is empty space 1000*distance earth/sun Atom Diameter = 1 km

  25. Quantum PhysicsStandard Model

  26. Quantum PhysicsParticles in the Standard Model

  27. Quantum PhysicsFundamental Forces GravitationAttractive force between particles with mass Graviton ElectromagnetismeForces between elektric charged particles Foton Week nuclear forceForces between left handes leptones og quarks Intermediate vector bosons W+, W-, Z Strong nuclear forceKrefter som virker mellom kvarker Gluon

  28. Quantum PhysicsLarge Hadron Collider (LHC)

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