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Effective Strategies for Teaching Addition and Subtraction in 2nd Grade

This resource by Matt Rinehart highlights the drawbacks of rote memorization in math, advocating for more efficient and flexible reasoning strategies for teaching addition and subtraction to 2nd graders. Key methods include using number anchors, ten-frame cards, and understanding the relationship between addition and subtraction through concepts like "Think-Addition". These strategies not only aid in mastering basic facts but also help students build a strong mathematical foundation for future learning.

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Effective Strategies for Teaching Addition and Subtraction in 2nd Grade

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  1. Developing Strategies for Addition and Subtraction 2nd Grade Matt Rinehart

  2. Drawbacks to Memorizing Facts • Inefficient – There are too many facts to memorize. • Inappropriate applications – Students don’t check their work and misapply the facts. • Inflexible – Students don’t learn flexible strategies and therefore continue to use counting.

  3. Reasoning Strategiesfor Addition Facts There are 100 basic addition facts.

  4. Adding Zero 3 frogs were in a pond, one hour later no frogs had joined them. How many frogs are in the pond? 3+0=3 Covers 19 facts

  5. One More Than and Two More Than There were 7 flowers in the vase on the kitchen table. Mother added 2 more. How many flowers are in the vase? 7+2=9 Covers 36 facts

  6. Using 5 as an Anchor 6 is 5+1 7 is 5+2 6+7 is 5+5+ “extras” 1 & 2 There are 6 red lollipops and 7 blue lollipops. How many total lollipops are there?

  7. 10 Facts • Use ten-frame cards to help students understand and master the number combinations that make 10. • Helps with basic fact mastery. • Foundation for addition with larger numbers. • Promotes understanding of place value concept.

  8. Up Over 10 8+6=? 8 is 2 away from 10 Take 2 from 6 to make 10 Then add remaining 4 to get 14 Extremely important strategy. Heavily used in high performing countries Covers 36 facts

  9. Doubles • Easy for students to learn, or already know. • Possibly due to rhythmic nature. Covers 10 facts 2+2 5+5 9+9 4+4 6+6

  10. Near Doubles Doubles plus one or Doubles minus one 8+7 5+4 6+7Covers 18 facts

  11. Reasoning Strategiesfor Subtraction Facts There are 100 basic subtraction facts.

  12. Subtraction as Think-Addition • Students need to have a strong grasp of additions facts • Students need to understand missing part and part-part-whole concepts student sees 7-3=? student thinks 3 plus what makes 7.

  13. Joe had 3 cookies. His brother gave him some more. Now he has 7 cookies. How many cookies did his brother give him? 7-3=? 3+?=7

  14. Down Over 10 or Take From the 10 14-9=? I know 14 is 10+4 I know 10-9=1 1 and 4 is 5 14-9=5

  15. Conclusions

  16. What Mr. Rinehart will not do. • use lengthy timed tests. • use public comparison. • require facts to be learned in order. • rush memorization.

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